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ODSC 3A
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| General Feature of Cartilage | |
| Cartilage | touch, elastic, fibrous connective tissue found in joints, outer ear, larynx. |
| • Has NO | vascular system, Nutrients diffuse |
| • Pliable matrix | resists mechanical stress |
| Chondrocytes | Chondo=cartilage cells |
| Perichondrium | sheath of connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage |
| Made of | fibrous, cellular, matrix |
| 1. Fibrous Layer | top |
| • Made of | Mesenchymal cells |
| 2. Mesenchymal cells | synthesize dense irregular layer of fibrous called |
| ○ Differentiates to become | chondrogenic cells |
| ○ Form | fibroblasts |
| 3. Cellular Layer | Below |
| a. Chondrogenic | come from mesenchymal |
| b. Chondroblasts | come from mesenchymal cells and chondrogenic. |
| 4. Matrix | |
| a. Lacuna | |
| b. Chondrocytes | come from chondroblasts, make matrix |
| ○ Condroblasts get | trapped in their own matrix in small compartments call lacunae |
| ○ Isogenous | clusters of two or more in lacuna |
| Histogenesis and Growth | |
| Growth occurs in two ways | inter and appos |
| 1. Interstitial IG | in the middle, increases size of cartilage |
| • Conrdoblasts divide and | produce new cartilage matrix |
| They become | trapped in the matrix |
| Multiply within the | lacunae |
| 2. Appositional AG | at the edge or surface (apex) |
| • Condroblasts in the perichondrium(covering) make new | cartilage |
| • Both Processes occur simultaneously | inter and appo |
| Types, Location and Function | |
| Hyaline Cartilage | translucent, made of Type II collagen, found on many joint surfaces |
| Function | help decrease friction and helps joint move. Provides support in windpipe. Helps in growth |
| • Has Chondronectin that | helps maintain contact with fibrous and amorphous componenets of matrix |
| • Location | ends of long bones, nose, larynx, trachea ex |
| • Synovial Fluid | fluid in joints has Hyaluronic acid and lubricin which help lubricate joint |
| Matrix | type II collogen |
| Elastic Cartilage | aka yellow cartilage |
| Function | helps to maintain shape and flexibility of organ and also for strength and support |
| • Location | pinna of ear, walls of ear canal, larynx |
| • Has elastic fibers that help | flexibility |
| Matrix | similar to hyaline |
| Fibrocartilage | |
| Function | shock absorber and deepens sockets |
| • No | perichondrium |
| • Chondrocytes are | in rows |
| Location | intervertebral disks, hip joint, areas that need tough support or high tensile strength, pubic area |
| Matrix | Type I |
| Aggrecan | the main proteoglycan in articular(joint) cartilage |
| Clinical | |
| Thyroxin | stimulate cartilage growth |
| Cortisone | opposite of thryoxin, inhibit cartilage growth |
| HypOvitaminosis A | reduce width of epiphyseal plates |
| Hypervitaminosis A | opp of HyPO, increase ossification of epiphyseal plates |
| Hypovitaminosis C | scurvy |
| No Vit D | Rickets |
| Rickets | softening of bones in children because of VIT D deficiency. |
| • Vit D is need for | Ca absorption |
| • Causes | Deficient mineralization of skeleton |
| Arthritis | degeneration of hyaline cartilage |
| • When cartilage degenerates | the cartilage no longer rubs together smoothly, and will have pain effecting , joints and tendons |
| Slipped Disc | Caused by ruptured fibrocartilage, which makes the disk push outside the normal boundary |
Created by:
mcap
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