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GU 2 (Kidney d/o)
Step-2
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What infectious agent is most likely responsible for the following diarrheal illness: diarrhea in an AIDS pt | cryptosporidium or Isospora |
What infectious agent is most likely responsible for the following diarrheal illness: diarrhea after a course of antibiotics | c. diff |
What infectious agent is most likely responsible for the following diarrheal illness: diarrhea from seafood | vibrio species |
What infectious agent is most likely responsible for the following diarrheal illness: rice-water stools | vibrio cholerae or entertoxogenic e coli |
What infectious agent is most likely responsible for the following diarrheal illness: mild intestinal infection that can become neurocysticercosis | Taenia solium |
What infectious agent is most likely responsible for the following diarrheal illness: diarrhea + pink eye | adenovirus |
What infectious agent is most likely responsible for the following diarrheal illness: food poisoning resulting from reheated rice (Chinese food) | Bacillus Cereus |
A 2 month old presents with non-bilious projectile emesis. What is the first step in the management? | correct any metabolic abnormalities, US, pyloromyotomy |
What's the most likely cause of active lower GI bleed in patients >40yrs? | diverticulosis |
What bacteria typically cause pyelonephritis? | e coli, staph saprophyticus, klebsiella, proteus |
What are the dietary recommendations in the treatment of nephrolithiasis? | adequate dietary calcium, increase fluid intake, decrease Na+ intake, decrease dietary protein and oxalate |
What is the treatment for uric acid renal stones? | Alkalinize the urine with oral sodium bicarb or sodium citrate |
What size calcium renal stones has a 50% likelihood of passing without surgical intervention? | 8-9mm |
What are 5 etiologies of temporary hematuria? | UTI, nephrolithiasis, exercise, trauma, endometriosis |
A young black man presents with painless hematuria. What should you suspect? | sickle cell trait |
What are the signs and symptoms of pyelonephritis? | flank pain, chills, n/v, urinary frequency, dysuria, urgency, fever, CVA tenderness |
What is the mc site of renal stone impaction? | uretero-vesical junction |
How can you tell if a patient has pain from nephrolithiasis or peritonitis? | Patients with impacted stones will be in pain and will shift position frequently in unsuccessful attempt to find a comfortable postion, whereas patients with peritonitis will remain rigid |
Which renal stones are unable to be visualized on AXR? | uric acid stones |
Which labs should be obtained in a patient with hematuria? | UA, CBC, Chem 8, PSA (men >40) |
Which imaging modality should be used to evaluate hematuria? | CT scan of abdomen/pelvis with out contrast to r/o renal stone. If no stone, then CT ab/pelvis with contrast and post-CT plain fild KUB(equivalent of IVP) to view any radiopaque stones. |
A 50 y/o patient with hematuria, smoker, and FH of bladder cancer is evaluated in your office. What should he w/u consist of? | UA, CBC, Chem 8, PSA, send urine for cytology and perform cystoscopy. |