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Genetics Notes-CH 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is genetics? | the study of all aspects of genes, individually and as genomes |
| What is a genome? | all of the genes in an organism |
| Genetics is useful for understanding.. | 1.differentiation 2.biochemical and physiological pathways 3.evolution 4.human migration over the Earth |
| Genetics is finding many applications in.. | 1.medicine(molecular basis of disease,diagnosis, course of therapy, therapeutic DNA) 2.agriculture(GMO's) 3.industry(GMO's for fermentation, ensymatic processes) |
| DNA and RNA: biological information.. | 1.diversity of structure-diverse nucleotide sequences 2.ability to replicate-complementary base pairing 3.mutability-changes in nucleotide sequences 4.translation-using the one dimensional info. of nucleotide sequences to direct 3 dimensional proteins |
| What are the 2 types of genes? | 1.protein encoding(mRNA) 2.functional RNA(rRNA, tRNA, and small regulatory RNA's) |
| What is a gene? | a segment of DNA that encodes a specific product |
| What is an allele? | a version of a gene. A particular gene may have two, three, or more different alleles |
| What is a codon? | it encodes a particular amino acid |
| What is a clone? | a genetically identicle individual, cells, or organism |
| One dimensional information | the deoxyribonucleotide sequence of DNA |
| Three dimensional products | RNA chains and amino acid chain |
| Amino acid=_____ Amino acid chan-_____ | peptide polypeptide |
| Adenine pairs with | thymine |
| Guanine pairs with | cytosine |
| DNA is a double helix and can direct its own_____ | replication |
| What is transcription? | a DNA strand is used to direct synthesis of a complementary mRNA |
| Transcription characteristics | 1.RNA uses ribose rather than deoxyribose in its backbone 2.RNA has the nucleotide uracil in place of thymine |
| A single human cell has about __ feet of nuclear DNA | 6 |
| Homologous chromosomes | the two members of a chromosome pair |
| Maternal homolog | mom |
| Paternal homolog | dad |
| n= | the number of chromosomes found in an egg or sperm (23 chromosomes) |
| 2n= | the number of chromosomes in somatic cells (46 chromosomes for humans) |
| Haploid=_____ Diploid=_____ | gamete zygote |
| Introns are expressed of not expressed? | not expressed |
| Exons are | expressed |
| What is a nucleosome? | a cylindrical core of eight histone proteins wrapped twice by DNA |
| What chromosomes are circular? | prokaryotic, mitochondiral, and chloropast chromosomes, also viruses and plasmids |
| What chromosomes are linear? | eukaryotic(and many viral)chromosomes |
| Transcription in eukaryotes | 1.transcription occurs in the nuclues 2.mRNA processing and exon removal occurs in the nucleus 3.the processed or mature mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm for translation |
Created by:
ahall2305
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