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Biology-Chapter 1
10th grade biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the goal of science? | is to investigate and understand the natural world, explain events in the natural world, and use those explanations to make useful predictions |
| Science- | an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world |
| Observation- | the process of gathering info about events or processes in a careful, orderly way |
| Data- | info gathered from observations |
| Quantitative Data- | data expressed by numbers, obtained by counting or measuring |
| Qualitative Data- | data that is descriptive and that involves characteristics that can't be easily measured |
| Inference- | a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience |
| Hypothesis- | a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations that must be tested |
| What is the process of testing a hypothesis? | Asking a question; forming a hypothesis; setting up a controlled experiment; recording and analyzing results; drawing a conclusion |
| Spontaneous Generation- | the idea that life could come from nonliving matter |
| Manipulated Variable- | the variable that is deliberately changed |
| Responding Variable- | the variable that is observed and that changes in response to the manipulated variable |
| Theory- | applies to a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observation |
| What was the manipulated variable in Redi's experiment? | the gauze covering come of the jars |
| Redi- | believed that spontaneous generation was not real, and wanted to prove it by creating an experiment to show wheter maggots appeared on meat, or if the flies just laid eggs |
| Needham- | sealed a bottle of gravy and heated it, and after several days, it was swarming with microorganisms, which he thought occured by spontaneous generation |
| What scientist figured out that Needham was wrong, because when the flask is covered, it isnt swarmed with microorganisms | Spallanzani |
| How did Pasteur show that all living things come from other living things? | He boils broth (covered) for a year, and is never swarmed with microorganisms, until he opens it. |
| What are the 8 characteristics of living things? | Made up of cells; reproduce; based on a universal genetic code; grow and develop; obtain and use materials and energy; responds to their environment; maintains a stable internal environment; changes over time |
| Cell- | the smallest unit of an organism that can be considered alive |
| Sexual Reproduction- | cells from 2 different parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism |
| Asexual Reproduction- | a single parent produces offspring that are identical to itself |
| DNA- | where organisms store the info they need to live |
| the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials? | Metabolism |
| Stimulus- | a signal to which an organism responds |
| Biosphere- | literally means "living planet" |
| Evolution- | the change in living things through time and explains inherited similarities as well as the diversity of life |
| Who studies animals? | Zoologists |
| Who studies plants? | Botanist |
| Paleontologist- | studies ancient life |
| Levels at which life can be studied(from smallest to greatest)- | molecules,cells,organisms,populations, communities, biosphere |
| How is biology involved in everyday life? | it provides info about the food you need, describes the conditions of good health, used to diagnose and treat medical problems, and identifies environmental factors that might threaten us |
| What measurement do most scientists use? | the metric system |
| What is a revised version of the metric system called? | The international system of units (SI) |
| What is often the simplest wayfor scientists to collect data? | to make a table or a graph |
| Microscopes- | devices that produce magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the naked eye |
| Light Microscopes- | produces magnifiesd images by focusing visible light rays |
| Compound Light Microscopes- | allows light to pass through the specimen and use two lenses to form an image |
| Electron Microscopes- | uses beams of electrons, rather than light, to produce images |
| The part of the microscope that regulates the amount of light entering it | diaphragm |
| Allows light to pass throught the stage- | stage opening |
| Mirror/Lamp- | directs light into microscope |
| Contains a lens capable of 10x magnification- | eyepiece |
| Turns to change the objective positioned over the stage opening- | revolving nosepiece |
| Objects viewed under the microscope appear ____________ __________. | upside down (and backwards) |
| a group of cerlls that originate from the single original cell- | cell culture |
| How do scientists seperate the different cell parts? | cell fractionation |
| Compared to a light microscope, an electron microscope is used to: | observe objects with more details |
| Centrifuge- | a device that separates cell parts |
| In the yeast experiment, what was the purpose of having molasses? | as a source of food for the yeast |
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