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Biology

Chapter 3 Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
Macromolecule An extremely large biological molecule; refers specifically to proteins, nucleic acids, polychaccharides, lipids, and complexes of these.
Monomer The smallest chemical sub-unit of a polymer.
Dehydration Reactions A type of chemical reaction in which 2 molecules join to form one larger molecule, simultaneously spitting out a molecule of water.
Hydrolysis Reactions A reaction that breaks a bond by the addition of water.
ATP A nucleotide consisting of adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups; it is the energy currency of cellular metabolism in all organisms.
NAD and FAD Electron carriers
Motifs A substructure in proteins that confers functions and can be found in multiple proteins.
Domains A distinct modular region of a protein that serves a particular function in the action of the protein.
Carbohydrates An organic compound consisting of a chain or ring of carbon atoms to which hydrogen and oxygen atoms are attached in a ratio of approx. 1:2:1; having a generalized formula of CH2O. Includes sugars, starch, glycogen, and cellulose.
Nucleic Acids A nucleotide polymer; chief types are DNA-Double stranded and RNA-Typically single stranded
Proteins A chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
Lipids A non-polar hydrophobic organic molecule that is insoluble in water(which is polar) but dissolves readily in non-polar organic solvents. Includes fats, oils, waxes, steroids, phospholipids, and carotenoids.
Created by: Caitlin_stafford
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