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MicroBio2 -chap2
MicroBio2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Macromolecules consist of repeating ______ called _____, each consisting of a small simple molecule - give 3 examples | Subunits,,, MONOMERS, Protiens, Nuceic Acid, Polysacharrides (Carbs) |
| Define as either a Monomer /Polymer and as a Carb/ Protien / RNA & DNA ----- Monosacharide | Carb and monomer |
| Define as either a Monomer /Polymer and as a Carb/ Protien / RNA & DNA ----- amino acids | Protien and monomer |
| Define as either a Monomer /Polymer and as a Carb/ Protien / RNA & DNA ----- polypeptides | Protien and polymer |
| Define as either a Monomer /Polymer and as a Carb/ Protien / RNA & DNA ----- polynucleic acid | RNA-DNA and polymer |
| Define as either a Monomer /Polymer and as a Carb/ Protien / RNA & DNA ----- Polysacharide | Carb and polymer |
| Define as either a Monomer /Polymer and as a Carb/ Protien / RNA & DNA ----- nucleotides | RNA-DNA and monomer |
| Defien 2 step process of forming a macromolecule | Synthesis of subunits and Joining subunits |
| T/F all macromolecules are Monomers | False - Polymers |
| Give two ways that subunits can be joined together to form a macromolecule | Dehydration synthesis and Hydrolitic reaction (hydrolysis) |
| Which process releases energy - Dehydration or Hydrolysis | Hydrolysis |
| Which process consumes energy - Dehydration or Hydrolysis | Dehydration |
| What is the function of Enzymes | Catylyze reactions |
| What is the function of Ribosomes | Structure, shape, protien building machinery |
| What is the function of Transport protien | Take nutrients into cell |
| What is the function of Gene regulation | Turn GENES on and off |
| What is the function of Flagella | cell movement |
| What determines the function of a protien | Its shape |
| Protiens make up __% of dry cell weight | 50% |
| What process joins two amino acids and forms a peptide bond | dehydration - COOH joins with NH2 and gives off H2O |
| What are the 4 protien structures | Primary, Secondary, Tierchiary, Qaunternary |
| Define a primary structure | Sequence of amino acids |
| Define a secondary structure | Folded primary structure that forms either aplha helix or Beta sheet - change shape due to H-bonds |
| Define a tierchiary structure | 3 dimensional - either Globular (sperical) or Fibrous (elongated) |
| Define a quanternary structure | multimeric protien - 2 or more protiens ((Dimer=2, Trimer=3, Hemoglobin = 4) |
| Define denaturation | Protien changes shape and loses function = reversible and irreversible |
| Give 3 roles carbs play in all organisms | Source or food, part of nucleic acid, part of bacterial cell wall |
| What is ratio of C, H and O in carbs | 1:2:1 - Carbon bound to 2 H and 1 O |
| What is the most common monosacharide | 5 and 6 carbon sugars |
| Name two 5 carbon sugars | Ribose and dioxyribose |
| Name three 6 carbon sugars | Glucose, fructose, galactose |
| Name 3 Disacharides | Lactose, Sucrose and Maltose |
| What makes Lactose | glucose and galactose |
| What makes Sucrose | glucose and fructose |
| What makes Maltose | glucose and glucose |
| Name 3 Polysacharides | Cellulose, Glycogen, Dextran - all made of glucose just different structures |
| What is the most abundant organic molecule on earth | Cellulose |
| Name 3 lipids | Monoglycerides, Diglycerides, triglycerides |
| What are Saturated fats | Solid @ room temp, Only double bonds on ends of H-C=O string (Stearic acid) |
| What are Unsaturated fats | Liquid @ room temp;; has at least one C=C double bond;; C-C=C-C=O |
| What are polyunsaturated fats | Several C=C double bonds in one fatty acid |
| T/F simple lipids are steriods | True |
| What is a sterol | Steriod has 4 ring structure ( three-6 and one-5 ring) -- it is a sterol if there is an -OH (hydroxyl group) attached to one ring |
| T/F an example of a compound lipid is a Phospholipid | True - called polar head group |
| Waxes - is a type of lipid that is linked ____ to a long-chain ____ by an ester | Covalently, alcohol |
| T/F waxxes have a hydrophilic head | False |
| How do you attack a Wax lipid ( Macrophages / Pasterization) | Pasterization |
| Name 2 types of Nucleic acid | DNA and RNA |
| What does DNA do | carries Genetic code |
| What does RNA do | Decodes sequences of amino acids to produce protiens |
| What are the subunits of nucleic acid | Nucleotides |
| What are the 3 subunits that nucleotides are composed of | Nitrogen Base; Five Carbon sugar molecule and a phosphate molecule |
| What are two parts of the nitrogen base | Purine and Pyrimidine |
| Purine is comprised of | Adenide and guanine |
| Pyrimidine is comprised of | Thymine and Cytosine |
| How are nucleotides joined | Covalent bonds via ester linkage |
| Where is genetic code stored | sequences of nucleotides |
| T/F DNA in living organisms is double stranded helical molecule | True |
| How are DNA strands held together | H-bonds between nitrogen bases |
| In DNA what does Andenine bind to | thymine |
| In DNA what does Guanine bind to | Cytosine |
| In DNA what does Thymine bind to | Adenine |
| In DNA what does Cytosine bind to | Guanine |
| T/F DNA Helical structures bind in Anit parrallel configuration | True |
| T/F 5' to 3' is the sugar end | False - Growing / Hydroxyl end |
| T/F RNA is a Double strand of DNA | False - single strand |
| In RNA what replaces Thymine | Uracil |
Created by:
kmrachow
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