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Severe Weather
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What drives global circulation of air | solar radiation |
| Coriolis effect | moves to the right in NH, to the left in the SH, no effect at the equator |
| why is there an uneven distribution of solar radiation over Earth's surface | the tilt of earth and the equator gets more direct sunlight |
| Processes that will cause rapid vertical uplift of air? | cold from/warm front, topography, convergence, differential surface heating |
| troposphere | where convection of air cells takes place, thicker at the equator |
| high pressure systems | air falls, clockwise rotation in Northern hemisphere, counter clockwise rotation in the southern hemisphere, air moves away, clear conditions |
| low pressure systems | counter clockwise rotation in the northern hemisphere and clockwise rotation in the southern hemisphere, air rises, air moves towards, cloudy conditions |
| wind | when air flows from high to low pressure |
| adiabatic cooling | cooling due to expansion |
| adiabatic heating | heating due to compression |
| ITCZ | intertropical convergence zone,where the trade winds meet, strongest solar radiation |
| Thunderstorm conditions | cold front, warm moist air forced upwards, it condenses turns to clouds/precipitation, downdraft develops and eventually cuts off updraft |
| Doldrums | equatorial, light winds with a lot of precipitation, breeding ground for hurricanes |
| horse latitudes | 30 degrees N/S, high pressure latitude, deserts |
| polar front | 60 degrees N/S, low pressure latitude, where the jet stream forms |
| air mass | large region of air with uniform temperature and moisture content |
| cold front | cold and warm air meet, cold air advances, pushes warm air upward rapidly, results in severe weather |
| warm front | warm air advances, rises gradually over the cold air, produces clouds and possible precipitation |
| Supercell thunderstorm | single cell thunderstorm with a mesocyclone, much larger and has a potential to create a tornado |
| monsoon | a seasonal reversal in low pressure and trade wind direction in SE Asia and India during June to September |
| latent heat | heat energy utilized or released during change of state, produced during cloud formation |
| wind shear | change in wind speed (direction), important in causing tornadoes, produces the jet stream |
| mesocyclone | strong rotating updraft, necessary for a supercell thunderstorm |
| Polar Jet Stream | fast moving upper level winds on top of the troposphere, forms at polar front (60 degrees), moves from west to east, meanders between 60 and 30 degrees N (most of the U.S.) |
| lighting | caused by colliding ice particles |
| thunder | energy heats the air and it expands becoming a sound wave |
| hail | layers of ice produced by being re-caught in the updraft |
| Enhanced Fujita scale | based on damage, ranks tornadoes |
| Tornado alley | central plains and midwestern regions, caused by the warming of the Gulf |
| nor'easter | a large low pressure system cyclone that forms outside the tropics (extra-tropical) |
| doppler radar | measures intensity of rainfall and detects wind direction, detects thunderstorms (tornadoes) and hurricanes |
| thunderstorm states | Florida, places along the Gulf coast |
| Santa Ana | high pressure system in NH so moves clockwise,conditions are dry and no clouds with winds offshore |
| tornado formation | supercell thunderstorm, cold front, jet stream |
| tropical cyclone formation | between equator and 30 degrees north and south |
| which way does the earth rotate | west to east |
| tornado seasons | spring into early summer because the cold air from the north colliding with the heating gulf with the jet stream in between them |
| May 1999 event | Oklahoma, F5, highest wind speed ever recorded |
| 1925 Tri-State Tornado = | largest number of deaths by tornado in U.S., set record path length |
| 1974 Super Outbreak = | second largest tornado outbreak, most violent |
| 2011 Super Outbreak | largest tornado outbreak, death toll |
| Joplin, Missouri 2011 | EF5 tornado |
Created by:
jenniferbailey
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