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CV 10 HTN II
Hypertension Part II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the MC cause of Cushing syndrome? | Excess exogenous corticosteroid |
| What is the Parkland burn formula? | 4ml x kg body weight x %BSA burned. LR. Give first half of fluids in first 8h and second half over remaining 16h. |
| What is the gold std test to diagnose renal artery stenosis? | Renal arteriogram |
| What is the most frequently used screening test for renal artery stenosis? | MRA of renal aa |
| What is the MCC of secondary HTN? | Renal disease |
| HTN + depression + kidney stones= ? | Hyperparathyroidism |
| A 24yo F comes to the clinic for a check-up and is found to have markedly elev BP. She is at a recommended body weight, follows a good diet/excercises, and does not smoke or use birth control. What might be the cause of her HTN? Radiologic findings? | RAS caused by fibromuscular dysplasia. Beads on a string on renal arteriogram. |
| What is the most likely cause of secondary HTN given the following findings?: HTN measures in arms but low BP in LE | Coarctation |
| What is the most likely cause of secondary HTN given the following findings?: proteinuria | Renal disease |
| What is the most likely cause of secondary HTN given the following findings?: hypokalemia | Hyperaldosteronism |
| What is the most likely cause of secondary HTN given the following findings?: tachycardia, diarrhea, heat intolerance | Hyperthyroid |
| What is the most likely cause of secondary HTN given the following findings?: hyperkalemia | renal failure |
| What is the most likely cause of secondary HTN given the following findings?: episodic sweating, tachycardia | Pheo |
| Hypoperfusion and resultant tissue ischemia are the concern in shock pts. What is the chemical marker of this? | Lactic acid level |
| What complications can arise from the use of vasopressors such as norepinephrine in treating shock? | Peripheral vasoconstriction -> ischemia/necrosis of fingers/toes, mesenteric ischemia, and renal failure |
| Name the diff types of shock and the mechanism behind each: cardiogenic | pump failure |
| Name the diff types of shock and the mechanism behind each: extracardiogenic | pump compression |
| Name the diff types of shock and the mechanism behind each: hypovolemic | not enough fluid to pump |
| Name the diff types of shock and the mechanism behind each: anaphylactic | widespread vasodilation in response to allergens |
| Name the diff types of shock and the mechanism behind each: neurogenic | widespread vasodilation 2/2 loss of autonomic regulation of vascular tone |
| Name the diff types of shock and the mechanism behind each: septic | widespread vasodilation 2/2 massive release of inflammatory mediators |
| BP >/= 200/120, AMS/encephalitis, papilledema, renal failure. | malignant HTN |
| Tx for malignant HTN? | IV nitroprusside, labetalol, nicardipine, or fenoldopam |
| What is the max percentage you should lower BP by in a hypertensive emergency? | 25% |
| What common CHF drug is contraindicated during an acute exacerbation? | BB |
| What drug class is always contraindicated in CHF? | CCB. Reduce rate/contractility which can exacerbate HF. |
| Which antihypertensives are safe in pregnancy? | Hydralazine, Methyldopa, Labetalol, Nifedipine(Hypertensive Mothers Love Nifedipine) |
| Why are diuretics contraindicated in gout? | Increase serum uric acid |
| What antihypertensive class is contraindicated in depression? | BB. May worsen sx. |
Created by:
sarah3148
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