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ES CH2
Science 101:Earth Science Chapter 2 Matter and Minerals Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Protons | a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Electron | a negatively charged subatomic particle that has a negligible mass and is found outside an atom's nucleus |
| neutrons | a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom the neutron is electrically neutral and has a mass approximately that of a proton |
| atom | the smallest particle that exist as an element |
| atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| atomic weight | the average of the atomic masses of isotopes for a given element |
| chemical bond | a strong attractive force that exist between atoms in a substance it involves the transfer or sharing of electrons that allows each atom to attain a full valance shell |
| chemical compound | a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions and usually having properties different from those of its constituent elements |
| cleavage | the tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weak bondage |
| color | a phenomenon of light by which otherwise identical objects maybe differentiated |
| covalent bond | a chemical bond produced by the sharing of electrons |
| crystal shape (habit) | refers to the common or characteristic shapes of a crystal or aggregate of crystals |
| density | mass per unit volume of a substance, usually expressed as a grams per cubic centimeter |
| element | a substance that cannot be decomposed into simper substance by ordinary chemical or physical means |
| feldspars | |
| fracture | |
| hardness | the resistance of a mineral offers to scratching |
| ion | an atom or molecule that possesses an electrical charge |
| ionic bond | a chemical bond between two oppositely charged ions formed by the transfer of valence of electrons from one atom to the other |
| isotope | varieties of the same element that have different mass numbers; their nuclei contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
| luster | the appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral |
| mass number | the number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| metallic bond | a chemical bond present in all metals that may be characterized as an extreme type of electron sharing in which the electrons move freely from atom to atom |
| mineral | a naturally occurring, inorganic crystalline material with a unique chemical composition |
| mineral resource | all discovered and undiscovered deposits of a useful mineral that can be extracted now or at some time in the future |
| mineralogy | a study of minerals |
| Mohs scale | a series of 10 minerals used as a standard in determining hardness |
| nonrenewable resources | resources that forms or accumulates over such long time spans that it must be considered as fixed in total quantity |
| non-silicates | mineral groups that lack silica in their structures and account for less that 10 percent of Earth's crust |
| octet rule | atoms combine in order that each may have the electron arrangement of a noble gas; that is, the outer energy level contains eight neutrons |
| ore | usually a useful metallic mineral that can be mined at a profit. The term is also applied to certain nonmetallic minerals such as fluorite and sulfur |
| ore deposit | a naturally occurring concentration of one or more metallic minerals that can be extracted economically |
| periodic table | the tabular arrangement's of the elements according to atomic number |
| valence electron | |
| quartz | |
| radioactive decay | the spontaneous decay of certain unstable atomic nuclei |
| renewable resources | a resource that is virtually inexhaustible or that can be replenished over relatively short time |
| rock | a consolidated mixture of minerals |
| rock-forming minerals | the minerals that make up most of the rocks on earths crust |
| silicate | any one of numerous minerals that have the oxygen and silicon tetrahedron as their basic structure |
| silicon-oxygen tetrahedron | a structure composed of four oxygen atoms surrounding a silicon atom that constitutes the basic building block of silicate minerals |
| specific gravity | the ratio of a substance's weight to the weight of an equal volume of water |
| tenacity | describes a mineral'[s toughness or its resistance to breaking or deforming |
Created by:
klmckinney86
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