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Biology

Chapter two Vocabulary

AnswerQuestion
Matter Any substance in the universe that has mass and occupies space.
Atoms The smallest unit of an element that contains all the characteristics of that element.
Atoms They are the building blocks of matter.
Atomic Number Defined by the number of protons.
Atomic Mass Is equal to the sum of the masses of its protons and nuetrons.
Cations An atom having more protons than electrons, and has a net positive charge.
Anions An atom having more electrons than protons, and has a net negative charge.
Oxidation Loss of an electron by an atom or molecule; in matabolism, often associated with a gain of oxygen or a loss of hydrogen
Reduction The gain of an electron by an atom, often with a associate proton.
Valence Electron An electron in the outermost energy level of an atom.
Octet Rule Rule to describe patterns of chemical bonding in main group elements that require a total of eight electrons to complete their outer electron shell
Ionic Bond Form when atoms with opposite electrical charges (ions) attract
Polar Covalent Bond A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally due to defferences in electronegativity of the atoms involved. One atom has a partial negative charge and the other a partial positive charge, even though the molecule is electically nuetral overall
Non-Polar Covalent Bond Said of a covalent bond that involves equal sharing of electrons.
Electronegativity A property of atomic nuclei that refers to the affinity of the nuclei for valence electrons' a nucleus that has this, has a greater pull on electrons than one that is less.
Hydrophobic Literally translated as "water-fearing" and describes non-polar substances that are not soluble in water. Non-polar molecules in water associate with each other and form droplets.
Hydrophilic Literally translated as "water-loving" and describes substances that are soluble in water. These must be either polar or charged ions.
Created by: Caitlin_stafford
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