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FUNDIS ELECTROLYTES
FUNDIS FLUIDS & ELECTROLYTES
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| IF YOU WERE WALKING ACROSS THE SAHARA DESERT WITH AN EMPTY CANTEEN, THE AMOUNT OF ADH SECRETED WOULD MOST LIKELY ______. | INCREASE |
| IF YOU PLACE TWO CONTAINER NEXT TO EACH OTHER SEPARATED BY A SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE, AND THE SOLUTION IN ONE CONTAINER WAS HYPOTONIC RELATIVE TO THE OTHER, FLUID IN THE HYPOTONIC CONTAINER WOULD ________. | MOVE OUT OF THE HYPOTONIC CONTAINER INTO THE OTHER. |
| HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE, WHICH PUSHES FLUID OUT OF THE CAPILLARIES IS OPPOSED BY COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE WHICH INVVOLVES THE ...(A) REDUCED RENIN SECRETION (B) A DECREASE IN ALDOSTERONE (C) THE PULLING POWER OF ALBUMIN TO REABSORB WATER | (C) PULLING POWER OF ALBUMIN TO REABSORB WATER |
| WHEN A PERSON'S BP DROPS, THE KIDNEYS RESPOND BY....(A) SECRETING RENIN (B) PRODUCING ALDOSTERONE (C) SLOWING THE RELEASE OF ADH (D) SECRETING ANP | A. SECRETING RENIN (IN JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS) |
| GIVING A HYPERTONIC I.V. SOLUTION TO A PATIENT MAY CAUSE TOO MUCH FLUID TO BE..... (A) PULLED FROM THE CELLS INTO THE BLOODSTREAM (B) PULLED OUT OF THE BLOODSTREAM (C) PUSHED OUT OF THE BLOOD STREAM INTO THE EXTRAVASCULAR SPACES | A. PULLED FROM THE CELLS INTO THE BLOODSTREAM WHICH MAY CAUSE THE CELLS TO SHRINK |
| TRUE OR FALSE. THE FAT CELLS HOLD MORE WATER THAN MUSCLE CELLS. | FALSE. THE MUSCLE CELL HOLDS MORE WATER. |
| WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE MAJOR MAKE UP OF TOTAL BODY FLUID? (A) EXTRACELLULAR FLUID (B) INTRACELLULAR FLUID | INTRACELLULAR FLUID IS 70% OF THE TOTAL BODY FLUID. |
| WHERE IS THE THIRST CONTROL CENTER LOCATED IN THE BRAIN? (A) PITUITARY GLAND (B) CEREBELLUM (C) HYPOTHALAMUS (D) MEDULLA OBLONGATA | C. HYPOTHALAMUS |
| WHAT ARE SENSIBLE LOSSES? | LOSSES OF FLUID THAT ARE MEASURABLE LIKE THE FLUID LOSS IN URINATION, DEFECATION, AND WOUNDS. |
| ADH IS IS MANUFACTURED IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND STORED IN ______. | THE PITUITARY GLAND |
| WHAT NEURON IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SENDING SIGNALS TO THE PITUITARY GLAND WHETHER TO RELEASE MORE OR LESS OF ADH TO MAINTAIN THE ECF VOLUME CONCENTRATION? | OSMORECEPTORS |
| A PATIENT IS DISPLAYING PERIPHERAL EDEMA, WHAT TREATMENT MAY THE PHYSICIAN ORDER? | ADMINISTER ALBUMIN. ALBUMIN AIDS IN COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE, PULLING FLUIDS BACK INTO THE BLOOD STREAM FROM THE INTERSTITIAL SPACE. |
| WHICH ARE THE MAJOR ELECTROLYTES FOUND OUTSIDE THE CELL? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. (A) SODIUM AND CHLORIDE (B)POTASSIUM AND MAGNESIUM (C) CALCIUM AND BICARBONATE (D) PHOSPOROUS | A. SODIUM AND CHLORIDE C. CALCIUM AND BICARBONATE |
| WHAT DOES POTASSIUM DO? NORMAL LEVEL 3.5 TO 5.0 | CHIEF REGULATOR OF CELLULAR ENZYME ACTIVITY AND WATER CONTENT. IMPORTANT IN CARDIAC ACTIVITY. |
| WHAT DOES MAGNESIUM DO? NORMAL LEVEL 1.3 TO 2.3 | METABOLISM OF CARNS AND PROTEINS, NEUROMUSCULAR FUNCTION ROLE, VASODILATION IN CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, ENZYME ACTIVATOR |
| WHAT DOES PHOSPHOROUS DO? NORMAL LEVEL 2.5 TO 4.5 | ACTS AS A HYDROGEN BUFFER, PROMOTES ENERGY STORAGE, CARBS, PROTEIN AND FAT METABOLISM, INVOLVED IN IMPORTANT CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN BODY, CELL DIVISION, AND HEREDITARY TRAITS |
| WHAT DOES SODIUM DO? NORMAL LEVEL 135-145 | CONTROLS AND REGULATES BODY FLUID VOLUME, HELPS MAINTAIN ACID-BASE BALANCE, ACTIVATE NERVE AND MUSCLE CELLS |
| WHAT DOES CHLORIDE DO? NORMAL LEVEL 97 TO 107 | MAINTAIN OSMOTIC PRESSURE INBLOOD, PRODUCE HYDROCHLORIC ACID, HELP MAINTAIN ACID-BASE BALANCE, AFFECTS BODY PH. |
| WHAT DOES CALCIUM DO? NORMAL LEVEL 4.5 TO 5.1 | NERVE IMPULSE, BLOOD CLOTTING, MUSCLE CONTRACTION, B12 ABSORPTION |
| WHAT DOES BICARBONATE DO? NORMAL LEVEL 25-29 | BODY'S PRIMARY BUFFER SYSTEM (REGULATES ACID-BASE BALANCE) |
| WHO IS MORE AT RISK OF ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE, A 2 MONTH OLD BABY OR A 17 YEAR OLD ATHLETIC GUY? | INFANTS ARE MORE AT RISK DUE TO THEIR IMMATURE KIDNEYS ARE NOT ABLE TO CONCENTRATE URINE OR REABSORB ELECTROLYTES. |
| WHEN A BURN DAMAGES CELLS, YOU WOULD EXPECT THE CELLS TO REALEASE THE MAJOR ELECTROLYTE: (A)POTASSIUM (B)CHLORIDE (C)CALCIUM (D)SODIUM | A. POTASSIUM IS A MAJOR INTRACELLULAR ELECTROLYTE THAT LEAKS OUT INTO THE ECF AFTER A MAJOR TRAUMA, SUCH AS BURN PUTTING THE PATIENT AT RISK FOR HYPERKALEMIA. |
| DIURETICS AFFECT THE KIDNEYS BY ALTERING THE REABSORPTION AND EXCRETION OF ___________. | WATER AND ELECTROLYTES |
| WHAT IS THE MAIN EXTRACELLULAR CATION? | SODIUM |
| IN THE NEPHRON, MOST ELECTROLYTES ARE REABSORBED IN THE: (A) PROXIMAL TUBULE (B) GLOMERULUS (C) LOOP OF HENLE (D) DISTAL TUBULE | A. PROXIMAL TUBULE, ALSO REABSORBS GLUCOSE, UREA, AMINO ACIDS, AND WATER. |
| POTASSIUM IS ESSENTIAL FOR CONDUCTING ELECTRICAL IMPULSES BECAUSE IT CAUSES IONS TO: (A) CLUMP TOGETHER TO GENERATE A CURRENT (B) SHIFT IN AND OUT OF THE CELL TO CONDUCT A CURRENT (C) TRAP SODIUM INSIDE THE CELL TO MAINTAIN A CURRENT | B. SHIFT AND OUT OF THE CELL TO CONDUCT A CURRENT FROM CELL TO CELL. |
| OLDER ADULTS ARE AT INCREASED RISK FOR ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES BECAUSE, WITH AGE, THE KIDNEYS HAVE: (A) INCREASED GMR (B) FEWER FUNCTIONING NEPHRONS (C) INCREASED ABILITY TO CONCENTRATE URINE (D) INCREASED BLLOD FLOW | B. FEWER FUNCTIONING MEPHRONS |
| WHAT HAPPENS IF THE PH IS LESS THAN 6.80 OR MORE THAN 7.80? | DEATH |
| TRUE OR FALSE. IN THE PRESENCE OF ACIDOSIS, THE KIDNEYS EXCRETE HYDROGEN IONS AND RETAIN BICARBONATE IONS TO BRING PH TO NORMAL PLASMA LEVEL. | TRUE. IN ALKALOSIS IT'S THE OPPOSITE, HYDROGEN IONS ARE RETAINED AND BICARB IONS ARE RELEASED. |
| YOU ARE PERCUSSING A PATIENT'S ABDOMEN AND HEARD WHAT MIGHT BE AN ACCUMULATION OF FLUID (ASCITES), WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN CAUSE A THIRD-SPACE FLUID SHIFT? (A) DECREASED ALBUMIN (B)INCONTINENCE (C)GERD (D)PEROTONITIS | A. DECREASED ALBUMIN MEANS A DISRUPTION IN COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE WHERE FLUID IS NOT PULLED BACK INTO THE INTRAVASCULAR. |
| WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF THIRD SPACE FLUID SHIFT? | HYPOALBUMINEMIA, CHF, EXCESS IV REPLACEMENT, RENAL DYSFUNCTION, HYPONATREMIA, GROSS TISSUE TRAUMA, SEVERE BURN, BOWEL OBSTRUCTION |
| WHAT IS HYPOVOLEMIA? | A FLUID LOSS WHERE THE INTRAVASCULAR HAS TO PULL FLUID FROM THE INTERSTITIAL AND EVENTUALLY FROM THE INTRACELLULAR. THIRD SPACE FLUID SHIFT CAN ALSO CAUSE HYPOVOLEMIA, WHERE INTRAVASCULAR FLUID IS REMOVED AND TRAPPED INTO THE TRANSCELLULAR COMPARTMENT. |
| WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF HYPONATREMIA? (ECF HAS LOW SODIUM LEVEL SO FLUID MOVES INTO THE INTRACELLULAR) | CONFUSION, HYPOTENSION(BLOOD VOLUME DOWN), EDEMA(FLUID SHIFTS INTO CELLS CAUSING SWELLING), MUSCLE CRAMPS(NO FLUID FOR MUSCLES), WEAKNESS(LACK OF OXYGEN CIRCULATING), DRY SKIN(BODY RETAIN WHAT FLUID IS LEFT). |
| WHAT IS HYPERNATREMIA AND WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS? | WHEN THERE'S EXCESS SODIUM IN THE ECF DRAWING FLUID FROM THE CELLS, SHRINKING THE CELLS, LEADS TO NEUROLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT, RESTLESSNESS, WEAKNESS, DISORIENTATION, DELUSION, HALLUCINATIONS, BRAIN DAMAGE CAN OCCUR. |
| WHAT IS THE FIRST SIGN OF HYPOKALEMIA? | SKELETAL MUSCULAR SIGNS LIKE MUSCLE WEAKNESS, LEG CRAMPS, FATIGUE, PARASTHESIA AND DYSRHYTHMIAS. |
| WHAT CAUSES HYPOKALEMIA? | VOMITING, DIARRHEA, ALKALOSIS, GASTRIC SUCTION, DIURETICS |
| WHAT ARE THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPERKALEMIA? | AFFECTS NERVE CONDUCTION, MUSCLE CONTRACTILITY, SKELETAL MUSCLE WEAKNESS, CARDIAC IRREGULARITIES, MAYBE CARDIAC ARREST. |
| WHAT CAUSES HYPERKALEMIA? | NSAIDS, POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, ACE INHIBITORS, HEPARIN, POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS |
| WHAT CAN ALTER THE ABG RESULTS? | 15-20 MINS DELAY FROM DRAWING TO THE LAB, AIR BUBBLES IN THE SYRINGE, VENOUS BLOOD IN THE SYRINGE |
| PaCO2 LEVEL INDICATES THE EFFECTIVENESS OF: (A)KIDNEY FUNCTION (B)LUNG VENTILATION (C)PHOSPHATE BUFFERS (D)BICARB BUFFERS | B. LUNG VENTILATIONS |
| THE KIDNEYS RESPOND TO ACID-BASE DISTURBANCES BY: (A)ADJUSTING PaCO2 LEVELS (B)PRODUCING PHOSPHATE BUFFERS (C)PRODUCING PROTEIN BUFFERS (D)EXCRETING/REABSORBING HYDROGEN OR BICARB | D. EXCRETING/REABSORBING HYDROGEN OR BICARB |
| IF YOUR PATIENT IS BREATHING RAPIDLY, HIS BODY IS ATTEMPTING TO: (A)RETAIN CARBON DIOXIDE (B)GET RID OF EXCESS CARBON DIOXIDE (C)IMPROVE THE BUFFERING ABILITY IF BICARB (D)PRODUCE MORE CARBONIC ACID | B. GET RID OF EXCESS CARBON DIOXIDE |
| IF YOUR PATIENT HAS A 7.50 PH, YOU WOULD EXPECT TO ALSO SEE: (A)HIGH PaCO2 AND HIGH BICARB (B)LOW PaCO2 AND HIGH BICARB (C)LOW BICARB AND HIGH PaCO2 (D)LOW PaCO2 AND LOW BICARB | B. LOW PaCO2 AND HIGH BICARB |
| THE LABORATORY REPORTS THE FOLLOWING ABG RESULTS: PH 7.33, PaCO2 40, BICARB 20. WHAT IS YOUR INTERPRETATION? (A)RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS (B)METABOLIC ACIDOSIS (C)RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS (D)METABOLIC ALKALOSIS | B. METABOLIC ACIDOSIS |
| INTERPRET THE FOLLOWING: PH 7.52, PaCO2 47, BICARB 36 (A)NORMAL (B)RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS (C)RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS W/ RESP COMPENSATION (D)METABOLIC ALKALOSIS W/ RESP COMPENSATION | D. METABOLIC ALKALOSIS WITH RESPIRATORY COMPENSATION |
Created by:
DBURGESS
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