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phys2-final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ECG definition | electrocardiogram |
| Heart muscles are called? | myocardium |
| Myocardium is made up of? | myocardial fibres |
| systole description | contraction of ventricles |
| diastole description | relaxation of ventricles |
| automaticity | ability to stimulate itself in absence of neural input |
| what is the instrument used to listen to heart sounds? | stethescope |
| what is the dup in heart sound? | the relaxation of ventricles filling with blood from atria |
| list parts of ECG in order | P wave, PR segment, QRS complex, RS segment, T wave, TP wave |
| define SA Node | sinoatrial node, node for signal in atrium |
| define AV Node | atrioventricular node, node for signal from atrium to ventricles |
| where is SA Node? | top of right atrium |
| where is AV Node? | bottom of right atrium |
| does AV Node come before SA Node? | no |
| does SA Node come before AV Node? | yes |
| does AV Node come after SA Node? | yes |
| does SA Node come after AV Node? | no |
| does SA Node come before VA Node? | no such thing as VA Node |
| does AS Node come after VA Node? | no such thing as AS Node |
| on ECG tracing, depression of the ST segment below the isoelectric line is indicative of ventricular hyperthrophy, T or F? | false |
| what is isoelectricity? | electrical signal is zero on an ECG tracing |
| what is ischemia? | restriction of blood to tissues, causing lack of oxygen and glucose to keep cells alive |
| on ECG where would indication of myocardial ischemia be? | ST segment |
| depolarized definition | cause decrease in normal electrical gradient, causing contraction of muscles |
| what happens at P Wave in ECG? | depolarization of atria muscle fibres, before actual atrial contraction |
| how long is the P Wave? | 80-100msec (A range for school) |
| what happens at PR Segment in ECG? | time needed for depolarization of atria and AV Node |
| is the P Wave before atrial contraction? | yes |
| is the P Wave after atrial contraction? | no |
| why is is it PR Interval and not PQ? | Q is not always easily distinguished |
| how long is the PR Segment in ECG? | 120-200 msec |
| what does TPR stand for? | total peripheral resistance |
| what does TPR involve? | total resistance of blood flow in the systemic circulation of the cardiovascular system |
| what is systemic circulation? | the part of the cardiovascular system that carries blood away from the heart and to the body, returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart |
| what is pulmonary circulation? | the part of the cardiovascular system that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and carries oxygenated blood back to the heart |
| which side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood? | right |
| which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood? | left |
| what's a myocardial infarction? | heart attack |
| what's coronary heart disease? | a blockage in any part of the coronary arteries wrapped around the heart |
| where do the coronary arteries begin? | branch off the aorta right away |
| coronary arteries's blood flow depends on when the heart beat, T/F? | false |
| coronary arteries are capable of autoregulation of blood flow, T/F? | true |
| left side of heart pumps more blood than the right side, T/F? | false, equal amount of blood, but left has greater pressure to send to body |
| what is norepinephrine? | a hormone and neurotransmitter |
| what does norepinephrine do? | causes constriction of arteries and veins in smooth muscles |
| what does norepinephrine bind its receptors to? | alpha-1 receptors |
| is bradycardia a fast or slow heart beat? | slow heart beat, (B for BOLD, looks slower) |
| is tachycardia a fast or slow heart beat? | fast heart beat, (T for TALL, tall ppl run fast) |
| lup-dub is the sound of what mechanical heart movement? | lup is closing of the atria to ventricle opening, dub is closing of the ventricles to bodoy |
| what is epinephrine? | a hormone and neurotransmitter |
| what does epinephrine do? | causes dilation of arteries and veins |
| what does epinephrine bind to? | first it will bind to beta-2 receptors until they are all saturated, then it will bind to alpha-1 receptors to cause equilibrium in the blood pressure of the body |
| where are alpha-1 receptors located? | in all smooth muscles of arterioles |
| where are beta-2 receptors located? | smooth muscles in arterioles of heart and skeletal muscles |
| what is an epipen for? | open the airways long enough to get to a hospital |
| is there a theory where headaches are dilation of blood vessels in the brain? y/n | yes |
| How long is the QRS Complex? | 60-100 msec |
| How long is the T Wave? | 100-250 msec |
| what is angiotensin-2? | hormone that influences blood flow |
| where is angiotensin-2 secreted? | liver |
| angiotensin is converted to angiotensin-2 by endothelial cell, T/F? | true |
| what 3 hormones cause vasoconstriction? | norepinephrine, angiotensin-2, vasopressin |
| where is vasopressin secreted from? | posterior pituitary of brain |
| does vasopressin affect water fluid balance, y/n | yes |
| what does vasopressin do? | vasoconstriction |
| what 2 hormones cause vasodilation? | epinephrine and atrial naturetic peptide |
| where is atrial naturetic peptide secreted? | atria |
| what does atrial naturetic peptide do? | vasodilation |
| what is frank starling mechanism? | a law that states the heart will increase stroke volume when there is an increase in blood volume entering the heart |
| how does the frank starling mechanism work? | more blood in the heart will stretch the cardiac muscles and cause a greater pressure when blood is forced out |
Created by:
bioger
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