a catabolic process that is a partial degradation of sugars with out the help of oxygen

efficient catabolic pathway in which oxygen is consumed with the organic fuel

loss of electrons from one substance

addition of electrons to another substance

the electron acceptor in a redox reaction.

Coenzymes that form in all cells which helps enzymes to transfer electrons during the redox reaction.

occurs in the cytosol. It starts the degradation by breaking glucose into two molecules of a compound called pyruvate.

Decomposing a derivative of pyruvate into carbon dioxide.

Oxidative phosphorylation

Production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reaction of an electron transport chain.

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate of ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.

applied to a process hat can occur without oxygen; such as fermentation; also applied to organisms that can live without free oxygen.

Done by yeast & some bacteria. These microorganisms convert sugars in ethyl alcohol & carbon dioxide. Begins after glucose enters the cell. Glucose is then broken down into pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid is then converted to CO2, ethanol, & energy.

Lactic acid fermentation

is a form of anaerobic respiration that occurs in some bacteria and animal cells in the absence of oxygen.

Facultative anaerobic

is a process that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but is also capable of switching to fermentation.

The process by which fatty acids, in the form of Acyl-CoA molecules, are broken down in the mitochondria and/or in peroxisomes to generate Acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the Krebs Cycle.

The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme

An iron-containing protein, a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts.

A cluster of membrane proteins found in mitochondrial cristae that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent ETCs, using H+ gradient energy to make ATP.

The process of production of ATP using the energy of H+ gradients across membranes to phosphorylate ADP; powers most ATP synthesis in cells.

The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient, generated by the pumping of H+ across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.

Containing Oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that requires Oxygen

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Ch. 9 Key Terms

Cellular Respiration

Term	Definition
fermentation	a catabolic process that is a partial degradation of sugars with out the help of oxygen
cellular respiration	efficient catabolic pathway in which oxygen is consumed with the organic fuel
redox reaction	electron transfer
oxidation	loss of electrons from one substance
reduction	addition of electrons to another substance
reducing agent	the electron donor
oxidizing agent	the electron acceptor in a redox reaction.
NAD+	Coenzymes that form in all cells which helps enzymes to transfer electrons during the redox reaction.
glycolysis	occurs in the cytosol. It starts the degradation by breaking glucose into two molecules of a compound called pyruvate.
Krebs Cycle	Decomposing a derivative of pyruvate into carbon dioxide.
Oxidative phosphorylation	Production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reaction of an electron transport chain.
Substrate-level phosphorylation	Formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate of ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
anaerobic	applied to a process hat can occur without oxygen; such as fermentation; also applied to organisms that can live without free oxygen.
Alcohol fermentation	Done by yeast & some bacteria. These microorganisms convert sugars in ethyl alcohol & carbon dioxide. Begins after glucose enters the cell. Glucose is then broken down into pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid is then converted to CO2, ethanol, & energy.
Lactic acid fermentation	is a form of anaerobic respiration that occurs in some bacteria and animal cells in the absence of oxygen.
Facultative anaerobic	is a process that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but is also capable of switching to fermentation.
Beta oxidation	The process by which fatty acids, in the form of Acyl-CoA molecules, are broken down in the mitochondria and/or in peroxisomes to generate Acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the Krebs Cycle.
acetyl CoA	The entry compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme
cytochrome (cyt)	An iron-containing protein, a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
ATP Synthase	A cluster of membrane proteins found in mitochondrial cristae that function in chemiosmosis with adjacent ETCs, using H+ gradient energy to make ATP.
chemiosmosis	The process of production of ATP using the energy of H+ gradients across membranes to phosphorylate ADP; powers most ATP synthesis in cells.
proton-motive force	The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient, generated by the pumping of H+ across biological membranes during chemiosmosis.
aerobic	Containing Oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that requires Oxygen

Created by: LordWiitalian

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