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RNA Viruses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How are RNA viruses categorized? | Their genomic structure, Presence of an envelope, Size and shape of their capsid |
| What are the four types of RNA viruses? | Positive single-stranded RNA, Retroviruses, Negative single-stranded RNA, Double-stranded RNA |
| What does positive RNA act like? | mRNA |
| Which RNA can be used by a ribosome to translate protein? | positive RNA |
| Which type of RNA ust first be transcribed as mRNA to be processed by a ribosome? | negative RNA |
| Which is the smallest of the animal viruses? | Picornaviridae |
| Common colds are caused by what virus? | Rhinovirus |
| Rhinoviruses are limited to what part of the body? | upper respiratory tract |
| Rhinoviruses are transmitted by what three things? | by aerosols, by fomites, or via hand-to-hand contact |
| Medications do not reduce the duration of what? | the common cold |
| What is the most important preventative measure against rhinoviruses? | wash your hands |
| Enteroviruses are transmitted how? | via the fecal-oral route |
| Enteroviruses infect what two parts of the body? | pharynx and intestine |
| What are the three main enteroviruses? | Polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses |
| When was the last case of wild-type poliomyelitis in the Americas? | 1979 |
| What are four conditions caused by polioviruses? | Asymptomatic infections, Minor polio, Nonparalytic polio, Paralytic polio |
| What is the Postpolio syndrome called? | Poliomyelitis |
| What syndrome causes a crippling deterioration in the function of polio-affected muscles? | Postpolio syndrome |
| What are the two polio vaccines? | Inactivated polio vaccine and Oral polio vaccine |
| Who developed the inactivated polio vaccine? | Jonas Salk |
| Who developed the oral polio vaccine? | Albert Sabin |
| Which enteroviruses produce lesion and fever? | Coxsackie A viruses |
| Which enteroviruses are associated with myocarditis and pericardial infections? | Coxsackie B viruses |
| Can Coxsackie B viruses be transmitted across the placenta? | yes |
| Echoviruses are acquired how? | intestinally |
| Echoviruses cause what two things? | meningitis and colds |
| What are two preventative measures for enteroviruses? | Good hygiene and adequate sewage |
| Is hepatitis A a positive or negative RNA virus? | positive |
| What two viruses can cause acute gastroenteritis? | Caliciviruses and astroviruses |
| Do astroviruses cause vomiting? | no |
| What are known as enteric hepatitis? | Hepatitis E |
| Hepatitis E was formerly classified as a what? | calicivirus |
| Hepatitis E is fatal in what percentage of pregnant women? | 20 |
| Arboviruses are often transmitted by what? | arthropods |
| What are animal diseases that spread to humans? | zoonoses |
| Arboviruses can occasionally result in what three second-stage infections? | Encephalitis, dengue fever, and yellow fever |
| What type of tests are often used for diagnosis of arbovirus infections? | Serological tests |
| Rubella is also called what? | “German measles” |
| How is hepatitis C spread? | through needles, organ transplants, and sexual activity |
| Is there a treatment for hepatitis C? | no |
| What are the second most common cause of colds? | coronaviruses |
| How are coronaviruses transmitted? | via large droplets from the upper respiratory tract |
| Which are studied more than any other group of viruses? | Retroviridae |
| This retrovirus causes a rare cancer called hairy-cell leukemia... | HTLV-2 |
| Which virus was identified in patient with adult acute T cell lymphocytic leukemia? | HTLV-1 |
| HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are transmitted how? | via sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, and contaminated needles |
| AIDS is not a disease but a what? | syndrome |
| What likely arose from mutation of simian immunodeficiency virus? | HIV |
| HIV-1 is prevalent in what two countries? | the United States and Europe |
| HIV-2 is prevalent in what country? | West Africa |
| Rabies is the most significant pathogen of what? | Rhabdoviridae |
| What is caused by parainfluenza viruses 1 and 2? | Croup |
| Croup is characterized by what? | inflammation of larynx, trachea, and bronchi |
| What is the painful enlargement of the parotid salivary glands? | Parotitis |
| RSV can also results in difficult breathing known as what? | dyspnea |
| What are the source of most cases of rabies in humans? | Bats |
| What is caused by orthomyxovirus types A and B? | Influenza |
| Arenaviruses contain what? | ribosomes |
| Hepatitis D plays a role in triggering what? | liver cancer |
Created by:
gmoore730
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