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BIOL 237L Final

Anatomy flashcards for UNM BIOL237L final lab practical

QuestionAnswer
What is the function of the zygomaticus? "smiling"
What is the function of the orbicular oris? closes and purses lips
What is the function of the buccinator? pucker lips
What is the function of the temporalis? elevates the mandible
What is the function of the masseter? elevates the mandible and forces jaw closed
What is the function of the trapezius? elevates scapula or extends head
What is the function of the platysma? "dimples" and helps to open jaw
What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid? extends the head and cervical spine, abducts the head
What is the function of the scalenes? lifts and expands ribs when head and vertebrae are fixed
What is the function of the splenius capitus? extends and abducts the head
What is the function of the erector spinae? major agonist for back extension and posture.
What is the function of the quadratus lumborum? lateral flexion of lumbar vertebrae and elevates the pelvis
What is the function of the pectoralis major? adduction and medial rotation of the arm at the shoulder
What is the function of the pectoralis minor? assists to expand ribs in forced inspiration
What is the function of the internal intercostals? compresses ribcage in forced expiration
What is the function of the external intercostals? expands ribcage in forced inspiration
What is the function of the diaphragm? assists in inspiration and quiet expiration
What is the function of the rectus abdominus? flexes vertebral column, forces expiration
What is the function of the transverse abdominus? rotation of the trunk, supports abs and aids in forced expiration
What is the function of the internal oblique? flexes trunk and vertebral column; unilateral rotation and lateral flexion of trunk
What is the function of the external oblique? flexes trunk and vertebral column; unilateral rotation and lateral flexion of trunk
What is the function of the deltoid? flexes, internal rotation, abduction, extension of arm at shoulder
What is the function of the subscapularis? adduction and medial rotation of humerus, part of rotator cuff
What is the function of the coracobrachialis? adducts and slight flexion of arm at shoulder
What is the function of the brachialis? flexes elbow
What is the function of the latissmus dorsi? adduction, extension and medial rotation of the arm at the shoulder
What is the function of the supraspinatus? abduction of humerus, part of the rotator cuff
What is the function of the teres minor? adduction and lateral rotation of humerus, part of rotator cuff
What is the function of the infraspinatus? adduction and lateral rotation of humerus; part of rotator cuff to support humerus
What is the function of the rhomboids? fixes and adducts scapula
What is the function of the levetor scapulae? raises and externally rotates the scapula
What is the function of the biceps brachii? flexes forearm at the elbow
What is the function of the brachioradialis? flexes forearm at the elbow and fixation of forearm in a flexed position
What is the function of the flexor carpi radialis? flex and abducts wrist
What is the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris? flex and adducts wrist
What is the function of the palmaris longus? assists with wrist flexion
What is the function of the extensor carpi ulnaris? extends and adducts wrist
What is the function of the extensor digitorum? extends fingers
What is the function of the iliacus? thigh flexion
What is the function of the psoas major? thigh flexion
What is the function of the gluteus maximus? forceful extensor of thigh when climbing and running, abduction and lateral rotation of thigh
What is the function of the bicep femoris? flexes knee and extends thigh
What is the function of the semimembraneosous? flexes knee and extends thigh
What is the function of the piriformis? external rotation and abduction of thigh, stabilizes head of femur
What is the function of the sartorius? assists in flexion, abduction and lateral rotation of thigh, "crossing legs"
What is the function of the gracilis? assists in adduction, internal rotation and flexion of thigh
What is the function of the adductors? forcefully adducting thigh and stabilizes lef in adducted position
What is the function of the rectus femoris? extends knee, assists in thigh flexion
What is the function of the vast us lateralis? extends knee
What is the function of the vast us medialis? extends knee
What is the function of the tibialis anterior? dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
What is the function of the soleus? plantar flexion, mostly for posture
What is the function of the gastrocnemius? prime mover in plantar flexion of foot
What is a multipolar neuron? most common, found as interneurons and motor neurons through CNS
What is a unipolar neuron? found in spinal and cranial sensory neurons
What is a dendrite? What does it do? short branching processes which receive stimuli from receptors or other neurons
What is a cell body? What does it do? biosynthetic center and receptive region; contains nucleus, the neuron's biosynthetic machinery, rough E.R. and golgi bodies
What is an axon? What does it do? has voltage-regulated ion gates (voltage gated ion channels) responsible for transmitting an impulse (action potential) to another neuron or effector.
What is a myelin sheath? What does it do? thick outer epimysium
What are the two types of neurons? multipolar and unipolar.
What are the four steps of a knee-jerk reflex? 1. sensory to spinal cord 2. excitatory to extensor muscle 3. inhibitory to flexor muscle 4. knee extension
What are the nerve plexi? cervical, brachial, lumbar and sacral
What is the cervical plexus? What does it do? phrenic nerve that travels through the thorax to innervate the diaphragm
What is the brachial plexus? What does it do? consists of radial and ulnar nerves. ulnar: medial cord, flexor muscles in anterior forearm, intrinsic hand muscles. radial: posterior cord, posterior muscles of arm, forearm and hand
What is the lumbar plexus? What does it do? femoral nerve: sensory from skin of anterior and medial thigh and medial leg and foot, hip and knee; motor to quadriceps muscles
What is the sacral plexus? What does it do? sciatic nerve that splits into tibular and fibular nerves tibular: skin of posterior let and sole of foo fibular: skin and anterior surface of leg and dorsum of foot
What is the post central gyrus and what is its function? posterior side of central sulcus of brain; receives conscious sensations from the musculocutaneous regions of the body: pain, temperature, touch and pressure
What/where is the longitudinal fissure? separates the two hemispheres
What/where is the central sulcus? separates the parietal from the frontal lobe
What/where is the cerebellum? back of the brain; "little brain"; coordination of skeletal muscles
What/where is the hypothalamus? below thalamus towards front; part of the control mechanism for many of the endocrine glands: blood glucose, heart rate and respiration in response to stress, thermoregulation, hunger, thirst, etc...
What/where is the thalamus? center of brain core; receives all conscious sensations and acts as a relay center
What/where is the corpus callosum? connects left and right hemispheres
What/where is the fornix? under corpus callosum; provides connecting pathways for the limbic system between hemispheres
What/where is the corporal quadrigemina (mid brain)? anterior side of cerebellum; known as "four bodies" or "twins" center for visual and auditory reflexes
What/where is the pon? ball on medulla (brain stem); "bridge" between visceral reflexes and higher brain.
What/where is the medulla? brain stem; center for vital functions of heart rate, respiration and blood pressure
What is the function of the ventricles? contain cerebrospinal fluid
What are the cranial nerves? vagus, glossopharyngeal, trigeminal, olfactory, optic nerve, chiasma optic tract
What is the function of the triceps brachii? extends forearm and extends and adducts the arm at the shoulder
What is a muscular agonist? muscle performing a given movement
What is a muscular synergist? muscles working together to perform a movement
What is a muscular antagonist? opposite acting muscle
What is the pre central gyrus and what is its function? raised area in front of the central sulcus; primary motor area; center for voluntary control of the skeletal muscles
Where is and what is the function of the vagus nerve? group directly below glossopharyngeal (most lateral long nerve at superior position of medulla); parasympathetic to viscera-sends stimuli to heart, stomach, intestines, etc...
Where is and what is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve? most lateral long nerve at superior position of medulla; swallowing
Where is and what is the function of the trigeminal nerve? under cerebellum, anterior, on grooves in middle; conscious sensations and chewing
Where is and what is the function of the olfactory nerve? under frontal lobe; sensory for smell
Where is and what is the function of the optic nerve? end of olfactory tract under frontal lobe; sensory for vision
Where is and what is the function of the chiasma optic tract? inside optic nerve holder; crossover point for medial optic nerves
What do skeletal muscle cells look like? rings on a tree
What do smooth muscle cells look like? loose form of dense regular tissue
What do cardiac muscles look like? thick and messy.
Created by: Susanannholland
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