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Stack #96662
drugs, microbes--Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Not sterilization - kills non-spore-forming pathogens and lowers overall microbe count; does not kill endospores or many nonpathogenic microbes | Pasteurization |
| Microbiostatic | Cold; slows the growth of microbes; Refrigeration 0-15C and freezing <0C |
| Lyophilization | freeze drying; preservation; |
| Not effective microbial control – many cells retain ability to grow when water is reintroduced | Desiccation |
| Desiccation | Gradual removal of water from cells, leads to metabolic inhibition |
| Ionizing radiation | used to sterilize medical supplies and food products; gamma rays, X-rays, cathode rays; deep penetrating power that has sufficient energy to cause electrons to leave their orbit, breaks DNA, |
| Filtration | Physical removal of microbes by passing a gas or liquid through filter |
| Used to sterilize heat sensitive liquids and air in hospital isolation units and industrial clean rooms | Filtration |
| Act as surfactants dissolving membrane lipids and coagulating proteins of vegetative bacterial cells and fungi | Alcohols; Ethyl, isopropyl in solutions of 50-95%; Intermediate level |
| Antiseptic at low concentrations; strong solutions are sporicidal | Hydrogen Peroxide |
| Hydrogen Peroxide | Produce highly reactive hydroxyl-free radicals that damage protein and DNA while also decomposing to O2 gas – toxic to anaerobes; Weak (3%) to strong (25%) |
| Detergents and Soaps | Quaternary ammonia compounds (quats) act as surfactants that alter membrane permeability of some bacteria and fungi |
| Heavy Metals | Solutions of silver and mercury kill vegetative cells in low concentrations by inactivating proteins; silver nitrate, silver |
| common metabolic products of aerobic spore-forming bacteria and fungi. | Antibiotics; molds in genera Penicillium and Cephalosporium; |
| By inhibiting the other microbes in the same habitat, antibiotic producers have less competition for nutrients and space. | Antibiotics |
| Penicillins and cephalosporins block synthesis of | peptidoglycan, causing the cell wall to lyse. |
| Polymyxins | interact with phospholipids and cause leakage, particularly in Gram-negative bacteria. |
| A cell with a damaged membrane dies from | disruption in metabolism or lysis. |
| usually have a selective action against procaryotes; | antimicrobics |
| Antibacterial drugs | antibiotics, synthetic drugs |
| Penicillin is the drug of choice for | Gram-positive cocci (streptococci) and some Gram-negative bacteria (meningococci and syphilis spirochete). |
| Penicillins Primary problems | allergies and resistant strains of bacteria |
| Interferons (INF) | Human-based glycoprotein produced primarily by fibroblasts and leukocytes |
| Drug Resistance | Adaptive response in which microorganisms begin to tolerate an amount of drug that would ordinarily be inhibitory; due to genetic versatility or variation; intrinsic and acquired |
Created by:
tamiboren
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