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Rad physic U1 & HM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anything that occupies space and has mass | Matter |
| the quantity of matter decrbed by its energy equivalence (gravity) | Mass |
| The ability to do work or physically influence surrounding because of postion, chemical state, or nucleur state | energy |
| the ability to do work by virtue of its position | potential energy |
| energy in motion | kinetic energy |
| the energy released by a chemical reaction | chemical energy |
| represents work that can be done when an electron moves through a circuit | electrical energy |
| The energy of motion at the atomic and molecular level | thermal energy |
| the energy that contained in the nucleus of an atom | Nuclear energy |
| the energy contained in x-rays, gamma rays, radio waves, microwaves and ultraviolet, infrared and visible light | electromagnetic energy |
| Give an example of potential energy | rock resting on the edge of cliff |
| give an example of kinetic energy | the rock being pushed off the cliff |
| Give an example of thermal energy | Heat |
| What is it called when a patient recieves radiation | they are said to be irradiated |
| Radiation which can ionize an atom | ionizing radiation |
| what are the two main catergories of ionizing radiation | natural enviromental and man-made |
| what is the difference in natural enviromental and man-made radiation | natural comes from the earth such as cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation,radionuclides, and radon: man-made consumer products, x-rays, nuclear fallouts and power plants that man has made |
| What are the 3 components of natural enviromential radiation | csmic rays, terrestrial radiation, internally deposited radionuclides |
| What is the largest source of natural enviromental radiation | Radon |
| Where does radon come from | the decay of urnium and emits alpha particles |
| What is the largest man-made source of radiation | medical/diagnostic x-rays |
| who discovered x-rays and when? | Wilhelm Roentgen on November 8, 1895 |
| Who won the first Nobel Peace Prize and for what | Wilhelm Roentgen for physics |
| What kind of x-ray tube was used to discover x-rays | Crookes Tube it caused screens to glow --Fluoresence |
| What type of x-ray tube is used today | Coolidge Tube |
| What are the two general types of x-ray examinations | Radiography and fluoroscopy |
| What is the difference between the static and dynamic procedures | static is radiography(x-rays) and fluoroscopy is and dynamic examine (contast that shows the way your body takes things in is an example) |
| Who invented fluoroscopy and intensifying screens | Thomas Edison |
| When were x-rays first used in military combat by the U.S> | Spanish-American war of 1898 and was used to locate bullets |
| Who discovered Uranium | Henri becquerel in 1896 |
| Who recieved the first know instance of biological effect as a result of Uranium | Herni Becquerel was the first known correlation of radiation to biological damage |
| Discovered the radioactive elements called polonium and radiun | Marie curie called it radioactivity and started radiation theraphy |
| What were some early biological damages prduced by radiation | Watch dial painters developed osteoscarcoma and testing accidents in the Pacific and nevada during World War II |
| Whao was the founder of Radiologic Technology (ASRT) | Eddy Jerman |
| What are the Ten Commandments of Radiation Protection | 3 cardinal rules, Familiarity,primary beam, Protective appareal, radiation monitor, never hold patient,when holdin patient wear protective gear, sheilding, pregnant women,Collimate |
| What are the 3 cardinal rules | Time--keep exposure to a minimum, Distance--stand as far back as possible, Shielding--Always shoeld the patient when doing so will not interfere with the objectives of thw examination and always shield yourself |
| What does ALARA stand for | As Low As Reasonably Achievable |
| What are some primary radiation protective devices | Flitration, Collimation, Intensifying Screens, Protective Appareal, Gonadal Shielding, Protective barriers |
| Whay are metal filters placed in the primary beam | to filter out weak harmful x-rays for the patient protection and they reduse skin dosage |
| Why is collimation used during x-ray examines | to restrict the primary beam which increases the patient protection from scatter radiation and also improves quality images |
| how much of the density on an x-ray film image is due to the light of the intensifying screens | 95% |
| Give an example of protective apparel | Lead impregnated materials such as gloves and aprons |
| Why are gonadal shields used | to protect a patient of childbearing age |
| Why are protective barriers used | to protect the personnel and those who are in the adjacent room |
| Where is the control console located | in the control booth and radiation scatters twice before entering |
| When should you aviod examines on a pregnant women | At all times if possible, especially during the first trimester |
| Name 5 clinical skills required for examines by ARRT | Confirm patient, explain and confirm examine, provide patient safety....,explain procedure, examine radiographic requistions to verify accuarcy and completeness of information |
| Name 5 Personal Skills required for examines by ARRT | Instructions to patient, Position Patient, Prepare patient, Confirm patient identity, observe patient and monitor vital signs |
| what was the device with which Roentgen discovered x-rays | Crookers tube |
| The phospher that Roentgen used in early experiments with x-rays was | Barium platocyanide |
| How are x-ray tube voltage measured | kilovolt |
| Which of the early pioneers developed the fluroscope | Thomas edison |
| Who first applied x-ray beam collimation and filtration in medical imaging | William Rollins |
| What is the x-ray tube we use today | Coolidge tube |
| The bucky grid, which was introduced in 1921 does what | improves image content |
| Who was the first american to die because of x-ray exposure | Clarece daily |
| What is a way to describe the coolidge tube | it is a heated cathode |
| Roentgen orginally identified x-rays as which is | x-light |
| What are the two simple , general types of x-ray imaging procedures | Radiographic and Fluoroscopic |
| which of the following provides dynamic x-ray images | Fluoroscopy |
| The film base for a radiograph made in 1920 would have been made of what | cellulose nitrate |
| Collimation and filtration do what | reduce patient dose |
| what image modality was developed most recently | multislice spinal CT |
| What radiation reponses was not imported before 1910 | Aplastic anemia |
| Which of the following items is considered to be matter | wet snow |
| What is the principle difference between mass and weight | mass is the equivalance of energy and weight is the force exerted by gravity |
| Energy is defined as | ability to do work |
| What example best repesents enerhy | A thrown snow ball |
| what is an example of potiental energy | a mobile x-ray imaging system in motion |
| In Einsteins famous E=mc squared squation, c stands for what | speed of light |
| Radiation is | energy transfered |
| The roentgen relates to | Ions produced in air |
| What is an example of electromagnetic radiation | Visible light |
| When ionization occurs what is true | The positive ion is the resulting atom |
| x-rays are most like | Gamma rays |
| What is the largest source of human exposure to man made radiation | medical diagnostic x-rays |
| What is the approximate annual effective dose from natural enviromental radiation at sea level | 100 mrem/yr(5mSv/yr) |
| What results in the highest annual dose | diagnostic x-rays |
| The rad is related most closely to what | the gray |
| What is ionizing electromagnetic radiation | gamma rays |
| what is a unit of mass | kilogram |
| one of the cardinal principles of radiation protection states that the radiographic technologist should minimze what | time |
| What is not included in basic radiation control principles of diagnostic radiology | use high-mA technique |
| If it is necessary to minimize a patient during a radiologic examination the most acceptable person to do this | 50 year old female friend of the patient |
| What is correctly stated about diagnostic radiology | Radiographic intensifying screens reduce patient dose |
| What will reduce personal exposure the most | use of protective barriers for radiologic technologist |
| When abdominal radiology is conducted on a child what is true | the parent should hold the child if necessary and protective appareal should be provided |
| All except what will help reduce patient dose | grid |
| After termination of an x-ray exposure | no more x-rays are emitted |
| During fluroscopy what should the technologist do | wear prtective appareal |
| The main reason for filtering the x-ray beam is to | reduce patient dose |
| What represents implementation of radiation protective procedure | aviod repeat examinations |
| What is an example of an x-ray beam collimator | Positive beam limitation |
| x-ray examination of the pelvis of a womens reproductive capacity should be limited to what | As much as possible |
| What is trueregrading the discovery of ionizing radiation | Radioactivity was discovered within a year of Roentgens discovery |
| Generally, x-ray examinations are reserved for who | x-ray personnel |
| Gonad shields should be used | when the gonads are in or near the useful beam |
| What is a principle reason to aviod repeat examinations | the patient recieves twice the radiation dose |
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atesta0824
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