Rad physic U1 & HM
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| Anything that occupies space and has mass | Matter
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| the quantity of matter decrbed by its energy equivalence (gravity) | Mass
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| The ability to do work or physically influence surrounding because of postion, chemical state, or nucleur state | energy
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| the ability to do work by virtue of its position | potential energy
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| energy in motion | kinetic energy
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| the energy released by a chemical reaction | chemical energy
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| represents work that can be done when an electron moves through a circuit | electrical energy
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| The energy of motion at the atomic and molecular level | thermal energy
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| the energy that contained in the nucleus of an atom | Nuclear energy
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| the energy contained in x-rays, gamma rays, radio waves, microwaves and ultraviolet, infrared and visible light | electromagnetic energy
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| Give an example of potential energy | rock resting on the edge of cliff
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| give an example of kinetic energy | the rock being pushed off the cliff
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| Give an example of thermal energy | Heat
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| What is it called when a patient recieves radiation | they are said to be irradiated
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| Radiation which can ionize an atom | ionizing radiation
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| what are the two main catergories of ionizing radiation | natural enviromental and man-made
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| what is the difference in natural enviromental and man-made radiation | natural comes from the earth such as cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation,radionuclides, and radon: man-made consumer products, x-rays, nuclear fallouts and power plants that man has made
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| What are the 3 components of natural enviromential radiation | csmic rays, terrestrial radiation, internally deposited radionuclides
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| What is the largest source of natural enviromental radiation | Radon
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| Where does radon come from | the decay of urnium and emits alpha particles
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| What is the largest man-made source of radiation | medical/diagnostic x-rays
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| who discovered x-rays and when? | Wilhelm Roentgen on November 8, 1895
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| Who won the first Nobel Peace Prize and for what | Wilhelm Roentgen for physics
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| What kind of x-ray tube was used to discover x-rays | Crookes Tube it caused screens to glow --Fluoresence
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| What type of x-ray tube is used today | Coolidge Tube
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| What are the two general types of x-ray examinations | Radiography and fluoroscopy
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| What is the difference between the static and dynamic procedures | static is radiography(x-rays) and fluoroscopy is and dynamic examine (contast that shows the way your body takes things in is an example)
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| Who invented fluoroscopy and intensifying screens | Thomas Edison
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| When were x-rays first used in military combat by the U.S> | Spanish-American war of 1898 and was used to locate bullets
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| Who discovered Uranium | Henri becquerel in 1896
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| Who recieved the first know instance of biological effect as a result of Uranium | Herni Becquerel was the first known correlation of radiation to biological damage
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| Discovered the radioactive elements called polonium and radiun | Marie curie called it radioactivity and started radiation theraphy
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| What were some early biological damages prduced by radiation | Watch dial painters developed osteoscarcoma and testing accidents in the Pacific and nevada during World War II
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| Whao was the founder of Radiologic Technology (ASRT) | Eddy Jerman
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| What are the Ten Commandments of Radiation Protection | 3 cardinal rules, Familiarity,primary beam, Protective appareal, radiation monitor, never hold patient,when holdin patient wear protective gear, sheilding, pregnant women,Collimate
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| What are the 3 cardinal rules | Time--keep exposure to a minimum, Distance--stand as far back as possible, Shielding--Always shoeld the patient when doing so will not interfere with the objectives of thw examination and always shield yourself
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| What does ALARA stand for | As Low As Reasonably Achievable
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| What are some primary radiation protective devices | Flitration, Collimation, Intensifying Screens, Protective Appareal, Gonadal Shielding, Protective
barriers
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| Whay are metal filters placed in the primary beam | to filter out weak harmful x-rays for the patient protection and they reduse skin dosage
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| Why is collimation used during x-ray examines | to restrict the primary beam which increases the patient protection from scatter radiation and also improves quality images
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| how much of the density on an x-ray film image is due to the light of the intensifying screens | 95%
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| Give an example of protective apparel | Lead impregnated materials such as gloves and aprons
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| Why are gonadal shields used | to protect a patient of childbearing age
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| Why are protective barriers used | to protect the personnel and those who are in the adjacent room
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| Where is the control console located | in the control booth and radiation scatters twice before entering
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| When should you aviod examines on a pregnant women | At all times if possible, especially during the first trimester
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| Name 5 clinical skills required for examines by ARRT | Confirm patient, explain and confirm examine, provide patient safety....,explain procedure, examine radiographic requistions to verify accuarcy and completeness of information
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| Name 5 Personal Skills required for examines by ARRT | Instructions to patient, Position Patient, Prepare patient, Confirm patient identity, observe patient and monitor vital signs
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| what was the device with which Roentgen discovered x-rays | Crookers tube
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| The phospher that Roentgen used in early experiments with x-rays was | Barium platocyanide
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| How are x-ray tube voltage measured | kilovolt
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| Which of the early pioneers developed the fluroscope | Thomas edison
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| Who first applied x-ray beam collimation and filtration in medical imaging | William Rollins
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| What is the x-ray tube we use today | Coolidge tube
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| The bucky grid, which was introduced in 1921 does what | improves image content
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| Who was the first american to die because of x-ray exposure | Clarece daily
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| What is a way to describe the coolidge tube | it is a heated cathode
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| Roentgen orginally identified x-rays as which is | x-light
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| What are the two simple , general types of x-ray imaging procedures | Radiographic and Fluoroscopic
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| which of the following provides dynamic x-ray images | Fluoroscopy
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| The film base for a radiograph made in 1920 would have been made of what | cellulose nitrate
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| Collimation and filtration do what | reduce patient dose
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| what image modality was developed most recently | multislice spinal CT
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| What radiation reponses was not imported before 1910 | Aplastic anemia
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| Which of the following items is considered to be matter | wet snow
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| What is the principle difference between mass and weight | mass is the equivalance of energy and weight is the force exerted by gravity
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| Energy is defined as | ability to do work
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| What example best repesents enerhy | A thrown snow ball
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| what is an example of potiental energy | a mobile x-ray imaging system in motion
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| In Einsteins famous E=mc squared squation, c stands for what | speed of light
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| Radiation is | energy transfered
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| The roentgen relates to | Ions produced in air
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| What is an example of electromagnetic radiation | Visible light
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| When ionization occurs what is true | The positive ion is the resulting atom
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| x-rays are most like | Gamma rays
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| What is the largest source of human exposure to man made radiation | medical diagnostic x-rays
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| What is the approximate annual effective dose from natural enviromental radiation at sea level | 100 mrem/yr(5mSv/yr)
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| What results in the highest annual dose | diagnostic x-rays
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| The rad is related most closely to what | the gray
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| What is ionizing electromagnetic radiation | gamma rays
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| what is a unit of mass | kilogram
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| one of the cardinal principles of radiation protection states that the radiographic technologist should minimze what | time
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| What is not included in basic radiation control principles of diagnostic radiology | use high-mA technique
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| If it is necessary to minimize a patient during a radiologic examination the most acceptable person to do this | 50 year old female friend of the patient
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| What is correctly stated about diagnostic radiology | Radiographic intensifying screens reduce patient dose
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| What will reduce personal exposure the most | use of protective barriers for radiologic technologist
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| When abdominal radiology is conducted on a child what is true | the parent should hold the child if necessary and protective appareal should be provided
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| All except what will help reduce patient dose | grid
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| After termination of an x-ray exposure | no more x-rays are emitted
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| During fluroscopy what should the technologist do | wear prtective appareal
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| The main reason for filtering the x-ray beam is to | reduce patient dose
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| What represents implementation of radiation protective procedure | aviod repeat examinations
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| What is an example of an x-ray beam collimator | Positive beam limitation
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| x-ray examination of the pelvis of a womens reproductive capacity should be limited to what | As much as possible
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| What is trueregrading the discovery of ionizing radiation | Radioactivity was discovered within a year of Roentgens discovery
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| Generally, x-ray examinations are reserved for who | x-ray personnel
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| Gonad shields should be used | when the gonads are in or near the useful beam
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| What is a principle reason to aviod repeat examinations | the patient recieves twice the radiation dose
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