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Fungi
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What carbohydrate is in the cell wall of fungi? | chitin |
| What is a heterotroph? | An organism that cannot fix carbon and uses organic carbon for growth. |
| What is one of the main reasons fungi were placed in their own kingdom? | They have chitin in cells walls and cannot make their own food. |
| Do fungi digest their food externally or internally? | externally |
| Do all fungi reproduce asexually; sexually? | mostly asexual |
| A special type of cell division necessary for sexual reproduction in eukaryotes | meiosis |
| The process in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells | cytokinesis |
| Do yeast reproduce sexually or asexually? | Asexual by budding |
| What is the process of yeast reproduction called? | budding |
| How do filamentous fungi form hyphae? | They germinate into a spore. Then, the spore produces a projection known as the germ tube which grows into a hyphae. |
| What is a mycelium? | Many hyphae grown together |
| What is a rhizoid? | Specialized hyphae that anchor some fungi to a substrate |
| What are specialized hyphae possessed by most pathogenic fungi? | Haustoria |
| What type of fungi have haustorisa? | Pathogenic |
| What is the study of fungi? | Mycology |
| What is a mycoses? | Fungal diseases |
| What are specialized hyphae possessed by most pathogenic fungi? | Haustoria |
| What type of fungi have haustorisa? | Pathogenic |
| What is the study of fungi? | Mycology |
| What is a mycoses? | Fungal diseases |
| Are mycoses easy or difficult to diagnose and treat | Difficult |
| Why are mycoses difficult to treat? | Signs of mycoses are often missed or misinterpreted and fungi are often resistant to antifungal agents |
| What is a mycotoxin? | Toxin produced by fungi |
| How are most mycoses acquired? | Via inhalation, trauma, or ingestion |
| Are most mycoses contagious? | No |
| Name a group of fungi that is contagious. | Dermatophytes |
| What is the difference between a true pathogen and an opportunistic pathogen? | True pathogen can make a healthy individual sick while an opportunistic pathogen will only make someone sick who is already immunosuppressed. |
| What are 4 things that can predispose an individual to an opportunistic fungal disease? | Invasive medical procedure, Medical therapies, Certain disease conditions, Specific lifestyle factors |
| What are 3 clinical manifestations of fungal diseases? | fungal infections, allergies, and toxicoses |
| What is a good media for growing fungi? | Sabouraud dextrose agar |
| What is the main difference between media for growing fungi and bacterial media? | pH of 5 favors fungal growth over bacterial growth |
| Name at least 3 laboratory techniques used to detect fungi disease | KOH (potassium hydroxide) to dissolve keratin and dead cells. Growing fungus different temperatures to demonstrate dimorphism. GMS (Gomori methenamine silver) stain – Fungal cells turn black |
| What is one reason that fungal infections are difficult to treat with antibiotics? | They are so similar to human cells |
| What molecule in the cell membrane is a target for antibiotic therapy? | ergosterol |
| Name at least 2 antibiotics used to treat fungal infections? | Amphotericin B and ketoconazole |
| Which antibiotic is used most often? | Amphotericin B |
| Name 3 fungi for which vaccines have been developed. | Coccidioides, Candida, Blastomycosis |
| To which group of fungi do the 4 true pathogens belong? | Ascomycota |
| What are the 4 true pathogenic fungi? | Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, and Paracoccidioides |
| What is dimorphism? | Having two forms |
| What type of fungi exhibits dimorphism? | True pathogenic fungi |
| The 4 pathogenic fungi are acquired through ______________ and begin as __________infections. | inhalation;pulmonary |
| Histoplasma capsulatum is found in __________soil with high ___________ content. | moist; nitrogen |
| The symptoms and diagnostic criteria of Histoplasma capsulatum can be mistaken for what? | TB |
| Is histoplasmosis common in Alabama? | yes |
| Blastomyces dermatitidis grows in soil rich in _______matter. | organic |
| Can you contract blastomycosis in Alabama? | yes |
| Coccidioides immitis grows in ________ soil in the ___________ US. | desert; Southwestern |
| Is Paracoccidioides brasiliensis found in the US? | no |
| What are the 5 genera usually associated with opportunistic fungal infections? | Pneumosystis, Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, and Mucor |
| _____ pneumonia is almost always associated with AIDS. | Pneumocystis |
| The most common opportunistic mycoses is ___________________. | Candidiasis |
| Is Candida albicans contagious? | yes |
| Aspergillosis most commonly causes _________, but is also considered a carcinogen. | allergies |
| Aspergillis may produce mass in the eye called _______. | aspergilloma |
| __________________ most often found in bird droppings | Cryptococcus neoformans |
| Cryptococcus neoformans has a predilection for the ____________. | central nervous system |
| Zygomycoses usually develop in the __________and _________ area of the body. | face and head |
| What is a toxicosis? | A diseased condition resulting from poisoning |
| What area of the body are superficial mycoses confined to? | localized to subepidermal tissues in the skin |
| Ring worm, athletes feet, and jock itch are all causes by fungi in the __________ genera. | asxomycetes |
| Hyperpigmented patches of scaly skin are caused by _________________. | Malassezia |
| The condition produced by Malassezia furfur is called ______________. | pityriasis |
| _____________ produces skin lesion that become warty if not treated. | Chromoblastomycosis |
| _____________ spread to bones if not treated. | Mycetomas |
| ___________ is often associated with gardeners, especially rose gardeners. | Sporotrichosis |
| The condition caused by eating poisonous mushrooms is called _____________. | Mycetismus |
| Toxins produced by Aspergillis are referred to as _________________. | alfatoxins |
| What is an Amanita? | poisonous mushrooms |
| What is the toxin produced by Amanita called? | amatoxin |
| What is a ergot poisoning? | Human poisoning due to the consumption of rye bread |
| What type of allergic reaction is produced by fungal spores? | type I hypersensitivity reactions that can result in asthma, eczema, and hay fever |
Created by:
gmoore730
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