Save
Upgrade to remove ads
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

Lecture 14-

chemical signaling I

QuestionAnswer
THREE MAIN TYPES OF CHEMICAL SIGNALING 1. Endocrine 2. Paracrine 3. Autocrine
ENDOCRINE The chemical agent or inducing agent acts at a site distant from the secretory site Ex. any hormone
PARACRINE The chemical agent acts at a site close to the secretory site Ex. cytokines
AUTOCRINE The chemical agent acts on the cell that secreted it. Ex. various growth factors GFs
CYTOKINES are released by immune system cells and mediate the immune response
JUXTACRINE (PARACRINE) The chemical agent acts at a cell that is in contact with the secretory but only present on the cell surface Ex. Notch receptor (developmental signaling)
CHEMICAL MESSENGERS REQUIRE: 1. Inducing Agent-Ligand 2. Receptors 3. May utilize a 2nd messenger system (Ca, cAMP, cGMP)
LIGAND- INDUCING AGENT The substance that is secreted to produce an effect at a target= 1st chemical messenger
RECEPTORS Binds the ligand at the target cell, upon binding the receptor must activate some preprogrammed cellular process Intracellular-4 lipid soluble messengers Extracellular-4 lipid insoluble messengers
2nd MESSENGER SYSTEM (Ca, cAMP, cGMP) Will relay the signal from the receptor to the appropriate cellular location.
THE FLOW OF INFO. DURING CELL SIGNALING 1. Receptor-ligand binding 2. Signal transduction (via 2nd messengers) 3. Cellular responses 4. Change in gene expression
WAYS IN WHICH SIGNALS CAN BE INTEGRATED (pathway cross-talk) 1. One receptor activates multiple pathways. 2. Different receptors activate the same pathway. 3. Diff. receptors activate diff. pathways; one pathway affects the other.
RECEPTOR: DOWN REGULATION When a signaling mechanism is active for a prolonged period the system adapts by: 1. Decreasing the # of receptors by endocytosis 2. By Desensitization; a type of negative feedback to prevent overstimulation
DESENSITIZATION When a receptor is altered in some reversible fashion=phosphorylation; to make it less functional
AGONISTS Other chemical agents that bind to the receptor; an agonists activate the receptor (mimetics)
ANTAGONISTS Other chemical agents that bind to the receptor; antagonists inhibit the receptor
SIGNALING PATHWAY 1. Reception 2. Transduction 3. Response
SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION Second messenger system allows for amplification of the signal. Ex. epinephrine induced breakdown of glycogen
CHEMICAL MESSENGERS THAT DO NOT REQUIRE A 2ND MESSENGER SYSTEM Steriod hormones
STERIOD HORMONES Are lipid soluble-can enter target cell cytoplasm and bind to an internal receptor. Are nuclear receptors that influence gene expression. Are cytoplasmic receptors that travel to the nucleus.
Created by: aareynolds
Popular Biology sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards