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Bio Voc. Unit 2 W8-9

Stack #96569

Biology TermDefinitionOriginPrefix/MeaningRoot/MeaningSuffix/MeaningAlternate Words
plasma membrane The semipermeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell. Greek N/A plassein /"to mold," originally "to spread thin,"; membrum/ "limb, member of the body" N/A
dynamic equilibrium a state of balance achieved by two forces in motion; also, a state of apparent repose between two reactions going in opposite directions at equal speed Greek/Latin N/A dynasthai/ "be able to have power,"; æquus "equal" + libra "a balance, scale, plummet," N/A
diffusion the process in which there is movement of a substance from an area of high concentration of that substance to an area of lower concentration Latin dif- "apart, in every direction" fundere "pour" N/A
hypertonic solution any solution with a higher salt concentration than normal body cells so that the water is drawn out of the cells by osmosis; any solution with a higher osmotic pressure than another solution Greek/Latin hyper/over, beyond, overmuch, above measure tonikos/ "of stretching," ; solvere "to loosen, untie, solve, dissolve N/A
hypotonic solution any solution with a lower salt concentration than normal body cells so that water flows into the cells by osmosis; any solution with a lower osmotic pressure than another solution Greek hypo/under N/A N/A
isotonic solution a solution having the same osmotic pressure as blood Greek isos/equal : homogeneous : uniform N/A N/A
osmosis the tendency of a fluid, usually water, to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a solution where the solvent concentration is higher, thus equalizing the concentrations of materials on either side of the membrane. French/Greek endo-/ "inward" osmos/ "a thrusting, a pushing," from othein "to push, to thrust -sis/suffix in Gk. nouns denoting action, process, state, condition
passive transport The movement of a chemical substance across a cell membrane without expenditure of energy by the cell, as in diffusion. Latin trans- "across" passivus "capable of feeling or suffering; portare "to carry" N/A
chromosome a threadlike strand of DNA in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order; Greek N/A khroma "color" soma "body."
cytokinesis The division of the cytoplasm of a cell following the division of the nucleus Greek kytos/ "a hollow, receptacle, basket kinesis /"movement, motion" N/A
mitosis cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes Greek mitos /"warp thread" N/A sis/ denoting action, process, state, condition
cancer any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream Greek N/A karkinos/crab, tumor, and the zodiac constellation N/A
adenosine triphosphate a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue; the major source of energy for cellular reactions Greek treis/three adenos/gland; phos /"light"; phoros/ "bearer N/A
photosynthesis Use by green plants of the energy in sunlight to carry out chemical reactions, such as the conversion of carbon dioxide into oxygen. Photosynthesis also produces the sugars that feed the plant. German photo / "light" synthese/ "synthesis N/A
aerobic respiration a type of respiration in which oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide and water are produced; also, the use of oxygen in the breakdown of foodstuffs to create energy Greek/Latin aero- "air" ; re- "again" bios "life"; spirare "to breathe" -tion/uffix forming nouns from verbs
anaerobic respiration a form of incomplete intracellular breakdown of sugar or other organic compounds in the absence of oxygen that releases energy; cellular respiration in the absence of oxygen Greek an-/ not, without N/A N/A
glycolysis a metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and releases energy for the body in the form of ATP Greek N/A Lysis/a loosening N/A
fermentation The anaerobic conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol by yeast. Latin N/A fervere / to boil, seethe N/A
Created by: zunigajennifer
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