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Science
definitions & ?s for Final
| word/question | definition/answer |
|---|---|
| Greenhouse Effect | the process by which the atmosphere traps infrared rays over the Earth's surface |
| radiation | transfer of energy by waves moving through space |
| convection | transfer of heat through the movement of heated material |
| conduction | transfer of energy in which vibrating molecules pass heat along to other vibrating molecule through direct contact |
| humidity | amount of water vapor in the atmosphere |
| global warming | an increase in the temperature of Earth's lower atmosphere, caused in part by increased levels of CO2 and water vapor |
| evaporation | the process that changes a substance from a liquid toa gas at temperature below substance's boiling point |
| transpiration | the loss of water through the leaves of plants |
| cloud | a dense, visible mass of tiny water droplets or ice crystal suspeneded in the atmosphere |
| cold front | boundary formed where a cold air mass overtakes and lifts a warm air mass |
| warm front | boundary formed where a warm air mass overtakes and rises over a cold air mass |
| dew point | temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated |
| condensation | process by which water vapor changes to a liquid water |
| What is Earth'c most common element in the atmosphere? | Oxygen |
| What could a liquid thermometer not work without? | a vacuum at the top of its tube |
| what does a sling psychrometer measure? | the dew point and relative humidity |
| Where do air masses develope their temperature and air pressure from? | their source regions |
| which is denser cold or warm air? | cold air |
| how do you name wind | from the direction it comes from |
| What do you need to make a cloud? | water vapor, falling temperature, and condensation nuclei |
| what is the percentage of relative humidity at it's dew point? | 100% |
| What is the only substance that can survive in all states in Earth's atmosphere? | water |
| What are weather scientists officially called? | meterologists |
| How much pressure presses down on you? | 14.7 per square inch |
| Cirrus clouds look like... | hair strands |
| stratus clouds look like... | a sheet |
| cumulus clouds look like... | lumpy pillows |
| what are the stages of the hydrologic cycle? | evaporation-condensation or transpiration-condensation |
| Which laych of the atmosphere holds all life on Earth? | Troposphere |
| What layer of the Earth's atmosphere contains ozone? | stratosphere |
| What purpose does ozone serve? | to protect our skin from harmful UV rays |
| How do clouds form? | The water vapor rises into the air and reaches a point where it freezes around condensation nuclei. |
| How is energy transferred form the sun to the earth's surface and through the troposphere? | by radiation |
| What two gases are most abundant in the atmosphere? | Nitrogen and Oxygen |
| How do winds form? | The warm air rises up and pushes the cold air down. Also cold air comes from the poles to meet warm air at the equator. |
| What type of weather would follow a warm front? | rain |
| What type of weather would follow a cold front? | short-lived violent storms or light precipitation |
| What tool measures atmospheric pressure? | barometer |
| A rising barometer indicates what type of weather? | rain |
| Why are you not crushed by the atmospheric pressure? | because equal pressure is inside us because of our pores and mouths etc. |
| energy | the ability to do work |
| kinetic energy | the energy an object has due to its motion |
| potential energy | energy that is stored as a result of position or shape |
| elastic potential energy | the potential energy of an object that is stretched or compressed |
| electrical energy | the energy associated with electric charges |
| electromagnetic energy | a form of energy consisting of changing electric and magnetic fields |
| energy conversions | the process of changing energy from one form to another |
| entropy | the breakdown of systems |
| chemical energy | the energy stored in the chemical bonds within a substance |
| gravitational potential energy | the potential energy that depends upon an object's height above a reference point |
| mechanical energy | the energy associated with the motion and position of everyday objects |
| nuclear energy | the energy stored in atomic nuclei |
| law of conservation of energy | can't be created or destroyed |
| thermal energy | The total potential and kinetic energy of all the particles of an object |
| temperature | A measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to a reference point |
| specific heat | The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a material by one degree Celsius |
| calorimeter | Instrument used to measure thermal energy released or absorbed during a chemical or physical change |
| conduction | The transfer of thermal energy with no overall transfer of matter, within a material or between materials that are touching |
| thermal conductor | A material that conducts thermal energy well |
| thermal insulator | A material the conducts thermal energy poorly |
| convection | The transfer of thermal energy when particles of a fluid move from one place to another |
| radiation | The transfer of energy by waves moving through space |
| thermodynamics | The study of conversions between thermal energy and other forms of energy |
| 1st Law of Thermodynamics | Energy is conserved |
| 2nd Law of Thermodynamics | Thermal energy can flow from colder objects to hotter objects only if work is done on the system |
| 3rd Law of Thermodynamics | Absolute zero cannot be reached |
| heat engine | Any device that converts thermal energy into work |
| waste heat | Thermal energy discharged into an area at lower temperature without being converted into useful work. |
| anticline | a fold of rock layers that slope downward on boths sides of a common crest |
| compression | an area of longitudinal wave where particles of the medium are close together |
| fault | a break in Earth's crust |
| folding | bending layers of rock |
| monocline | a set of rock loyers that all slope downward from the horizontal in the same direction |
| mountain range | A series of mountain ridges alike in form, direction, and origin |
| mountain system | a series of interconnected or geologically related mountain ranges |
| plateau | a land area having a relatively level surface considerably raised above adjoining land on at least one side, and often cut by deep canyons |
| shearing | to take off by friction of like materials |
Created by:
shamelessly_smart
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