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chap 22pt 2
bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. What three necessities of the body are provided by food | Energy, raw materials, essential nutrients |
| Of these three necessities of the body, which one is measured in calories? | Energy |
| 2. What kind of energy is food? | Potential chemical |
| What kind of energy is food converted to in the cell? | ATP |
| What percentage of energy in a food molecule is converted to heat energy (and thus is “lost”)? | 60% |
| 3. What is metabolism? | Sum of chemical reactions in the body |
| What is metabolic rate? | BMR (basal metabolic rate) + additional energy to support activities |
| Contributing to a person’s metabolic rate is basal metabolic rate – what’s the difference between the two? | Set amount of energy |
| Why might metabolic rate vary from person to person? | BMR |
| 5. What happens to unused calories consumed in the human diet? | Stored as fat molecules |
| If not enough calories are consumed in a given day to meet a person’s metabolic rate, the body goes to what kind of molecules, stored in cells of what kind of tissue, to access stored energy? | Fat molecules (Adipose connective tissue) |
| 6. What is it about essential nutrients that makes them essential to the human body? | The body cannot make them itself |
| What are the four kinds of essential nutrients presented in lecture? | Amino acids, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids |
| 7. How many amino acids are there that make up proteins of the human body? | 20 |
| How many are essential? | 8 |
| Why must a vegetarian pay special attention to their diet in order to consume all of the essential amino acids? | Because animal proteins are complete, but plants are not (vegetarians only eat plants) |
| 8. What kind of molecules are vitamins? | Organic molecules |
| We divide vitamins into two classes based on what happens to them in the body. What is the distinction between these two groups? | Water soluble & fat soluble |
| What happens to an excess of either kind in the body? | An excess can cause problems |
| Which class should you be careful not to overdose on? | fat soluble |
| Name the vitamins of the fat soluble class (refer to your book if necessary) | A, D, E, and K |
| 9. What are minerals? | Inorganic substances (none are produced by the body) |
| Where do minerals come from? | Foods |
| Which mineral is important for strong bones and teeth as well as for proper functioning of your muscles? | Calcium |
| Which mineral is found in nucleic acids and in ATP? | Phosphorus |
| 10. Essential fatty acids are those that are polyunsaturated. What about the structure of these fats makes them ‘polyunsaturated’? | They have more than one double bond |
| bond What are the two classes of essential fatty acids? | Omega 6 & Omega 3 |
| What foods are rich in these essential fatty acids? | Oils, such as fish oil |
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