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Metabolism: Energy
and Enzymes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Energy | as the ability to do work or change something |
| Kinetic energy | is energy in motion |
| Potential energy | stored energy |
| Chemical energy | food; composed organic molecules |
| Mechanical energy | when you convert chemical energy to use kinetic energy |
| Two laws of thermodynamics | 1. states energy cannot be created or destroyed 2. Cannot change from one form to another without the loss of usable energy |
| Entropy | is used to indicated the relative amount of disorganization |
| Metabolism | sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in cell |
| Reactant | the substance being made |
| Products | the results of the reaction |
| Free energy | is the amount of energy available |
| exergonic reactions | release energy |
| endergonic reactions | input of energy to occur |
| ATP is | adenosine triphoshate |
| What is ATP | common energy currency of cell |
| ADP is | Adenosine diphoshate |
| What is ADP | a moleclue of inorganic phosphates |
| coupled reactions | reactions that occur in the same time and place in such a way that energy releasing reaction drives an energy requiring reaction |
| Steps 1 of ATP | Myosin head assumes its resting shape when it combines with ATP |
| Step 2 of ATP | as ATP us split into ADP and P, myosin head attaches to actin |
| Step 3 of ATP | Myosin head pulls on actin as ADP and P are released. |
| enzymes | protein molecule that functions as an organic catalyst to speed a chemical reactions with affecting itself |
| Ribozymes | are synthesis of RNA and protein |
| Metabolic pathway | a series of linked reactions |
| energy of activation | the energy that must be added to cause molecules to react with one another |
| substrates | reactants in an enzymatic reaction |
| active site | one small part of the enzyme |
| induced fit model | the enzyme is induced to undergo a slight alteration to achieve optimum fit |
| Degradation | the substrate is broken down to smaller products |
| synthesis | the substrates are combines to produce a larger product |
| confactors | inorganic ion or nonprotein organic molecule at the active site in order to be active |
| Coenzymes | non protein organic molecules EX: copper, iron. |
| Enzyme inhibition | occurs when a molecule binds to an enzyme and decreases it activity |
| noncompetitive inhibitor | binds to the enzyme at a location other than the active site |
| Photosynthesis | a process that captures solar energy to produce carbohydrates |
| The chemical make for photosynthesis | 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENGERY = C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| cellular respiration | breaks down carbohydrates |
| The chemical make for cellular respiration | C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY |
| Oxidation | loss of elections |
| reduction | gain of elections |
| NADP+ | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| The ATP due to a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrance | chemiosmosis |
Created by:
krisfair
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