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chap 21 july 11
bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. What are the studies of form and function are formally known as? | ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY |
| The human body, is organized and shows order. Place the following components of the animal body into the proper hierarchy of organization, starting with either largest or smallest scale: tissues, organ systems, organism, cells, organs | cells,tissues, organs, organ sysytem, organism |
| 3. What is a tissue? | an intergrated group of similar cells that performs a specific function |
| What are the four major categories of human animal tissue? | epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous |
| How are the four major categories of human animal tissues alike? | they are held together by a sicky substance that coats the cells or by special junctions that rivet the cells together |
| How are the four major categories of human animal tissues different? | the structure of each type of tissue realates to its specific function |
| 4. What is the primary function of epithelial tissue? | protect, absorb, secrete |
| Describe how the structure of epithelial tissue fits its primary function. | the sheets of tightly packed cells are riveted together forming a continuous layer |
| Where do we find the primary function of epithelial tissue? | covers the surface of the body and lines organs and cavities within the body |
| What are some other functions of epithelial tissue? | renew cells , shedding old cells and growing new ones |
| Where in the body would or do you find epithelium that function by renewing cells? | in the epidermis |
| 5. What is the general structure of connective tissue? | arse population of cells scattered through an extracellular matrix |
| List the six types of connective tissue; | fibrous, cartliage, loose, adipose, blood, bone |
| describe the extracellular matrix for each of the six types of connective tissue along with the function of each. | Sparse poplation of cells scattered through an extracelular matrix. a.Loose b.Adipose c.Blood d.Fibrous e.Cartilage f.Bone |
| 6. Even though blood is a liquid, it is considered to be a connective tissue; explain why | Cells suspended in liquid matrix (plasma) |
| how is blood like other connective tissues? | it perform the task of carrying materials throughout the body |
| 7. Calcium is an important element in the body and has a special role in which connective tissue? | bone |
| 8. Muscle tissues differ in structure and function. What about the structure of all muscle tissues is similar? | bundles of long thin cells |
| What feature of muscle tissue can be used to distinguish two of the muscle tissues from the third? | cardiac and skeletal-striated smooth-not striated |
| What does it mean for muscle tissue to act voluntarily or involuntarily? | purposeful movement vs need for movement |
| Do all types of voluntary or involuntary act similarly? | yes |
| 9. What is the function of nervous tissue? | sends and receives signals |
| What is the basic unit of nervous tissue? | nerve cells with long extensions |
| what designs and absorbs nutrients made available by digestion of your food and is the "top layer"? | epithelial |
| what layer is designed to seperate the small intestine from the fluids and other organs of the abdominal cavity the "bottom layer"? | epithelial |
| what kind of tissue is found in blood vessels? and what is the function of this tissue as it relates specifically to the small intestine? | cardiac |
| what layer is sandwiched between the epithelial tissue and the muscle tissue? | connective |
| which layers sercve to contract and move digested food through the small intestine and what kind of tissue are these? | muscle |
| what particular feature is specific to connective tissue? | fibrous |
| bone is a tissue as well as an organ. why? | organs are made up of two or more tissues and bone is made of connective tissues and blood. |
| what are organ systems? | organs that work together to perform specialized tasks. |
| what happens to the body if just one organ system fails? | it will jeopardize the entire animal |
| of the 11 organ systems which one is responsible for secreting hormones that regulate the body? | endocrine |
| which organ system is responsible for breaking down the food you eat and taking up nutrients? | digestive |
| which organ system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and your blood? | respiratory |
| which organ system is responsible for eliminating excess water and waste in urine | urinary or excretory |
| what does it meant that humans and other living organisms are "open" systems? | the body continuously exchanges chemicals and energy with its surroundings. |
| what is the most fundamental level of exchange of materials in the aniaml body? | the cell |
| what is the technical biological term for this, the internal environment of the body? | the body is made of interstital fluid |
| what is homeostatis? | maintains the body's condition within a tolerable range. |
| why does failure to maintain homeostasis in an organism have the possible outcome of death? | because if the feedback is not working properly, digestion and immune problems can lead to death. |
| give some examples of conditions of the body that contribute to homeostasis. | negative and positive feedback |
| which feedback mechanism inoles the inhibion of a process? | negative (97%) |
| in which is a process intensified? | positive (3%) |
| give an example of a biological process or condition that is under the control of each kind of mechanism. | neg. air conditioner;pos. childbirth contractions |
| the urinary system functios to maintain what condition of homeostasis? | osmpregulation |
| list the 5 parts of the urinary system | renal aretery, kidney, ereter, urinary bladdder, uretha |
| what is the nephron? | the tubular excretory unit asssociated with blood vessels of the bertebrate kidney. |
| what is the general function of the nephron? | the extracts filtrate to form the blood and refines it to urine |
| list the four process of the nephron. | filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion |
| what is filtrate? | fluid from the blood and body cavity |
| which process produces filtration? | excretory |
| is osmorgulation under negative or positive feedback? | negative. |
| describe the feedback mechanism of osmoregulation, and how the hormone ADH is involved. | controls water and solute balance. ADH prompts more water to be absorbed , water is conserved and less ADH is secreted. |
| how can kidneys be damaged? | diabetes and high blood pressure. |
| how can you protect your kidneys? | healthy diets |
| what treatment is available to someone whose kidneys have lost function | dialysis |
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