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chapter 5 part II
NOTES
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| . Describe the foundation of the plasma membrane and how its basic parts orient to serve as a barrier. What is the basis for the way these parts behave in the aqueous environment of the body? | phospholipids. phosphate head polar(hydrophilic) two-tailed fatty acid lipid they are pushing against each other. in that --- solution a polar molecule can break through that barrier |
| What is the plasma membrane made up of and how do these other components serve in membrane function? | phopholipids act as a bilayer and proteins are embedded |
| Why is the plasma membrane referred to as a “fluid mosaic?” | because of all of its components and it is filled with water and mosaic(a bunch of things put into one) |
| 2. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable (or semi-permeable) – what property of the plasma membrane accounts for this selectivity? | active and passive transport |
| Since it is selectively permeable what kinds of molecules will cross the plasma membrane freely? | polar molecules |
| What kinds of molecules must use proteins that span the plasma membrane to cross? | large molecules |
| 3. What is a concentration gradient? | 1. a gradual change in the concentration of solutes in a solution as a function of distance through a solution. |
| 4. If a selectively permeable membrane can allow the movement of solutes dissolved in aqueous solution, by what transport process will those solutes move down a concentration gradient? | diffusion |
| If a membrane is selectively permeable so that water moves but not solutes, by what process does the concentration of solutes become equal? Does water move or do solutes move in this case? | osmosis |
| 5. Apply what you know about osmosis to a biological example: what will happen to a blood cell that is bathed in a hypertonic solution? Explain why. | cell shrivels |
| What will happen to a blood cell that is bathed in a hypotonic solution? Why? | the cell will repture do to the abundant infulx of water |
| How does the example of blood cells bathed in hypertonic or hypotonic solutions reflect the importance of maintaining water and solute balance in the body? | to reach equilibrium so that your cells can remain healthy |
| 6. What input and special membrane parts are necessary to pump solutes or ions across the plasma membrane against the concentration gradient? What is this process called? | atp; active transport |
| 7. How do large molecules get in and out of the cell? | active transport |
| What do we call the movement of large molecules into the cell? | endocytosis |
| what do we call movement of large molecules out of the cell? | exocytosis |
| What special cellular sacs are used to accomplish movemen t into and out of the cell by large molecules? | vesicles |
| Give an example of a large molecule that would move out of the cell | macromolecule |
| 8. By what membrane process do carbon dioxide and oxygen move in and out of the cell? | diffusion |
| 9. What process is initiated when a cell receives a signal? | transduction pathway |
| What kind of molecule at the surface of the cell receives the signal? | receptor protein |
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