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O1) MCO Organisation
Cells -> tissue -> organs -> systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define cell. | The smallest unit of structure and function in organisms. |
| Define tissue. | A collection of cells with similar structure and function. |
| Define organ. | A collection of tissues into a structure that performs a useful role in the body. |
| Define system. | An assembly of organs, which together, perform important tasks in the life of an organism. |
| Define differentiation. | The process by which cells develop particular structures in order to perform particular functions in the body. |
| Define genetic material. | A sequence of bases as part of DNA molecules in a cell. |
| Define epithelial tissues. | Tightly packed layers of cells which form the surface of organs in the body eg. intestine and lungs. |
| Define connective tissues. | Tissues that hold other tissues together. Consist of protein-like collagen and make up tissues like tendons, ligaments and cartilage. |
| Define muscle tissue. | Consists of cells which have an extensive cytoskeleton which allows them to contract and therefore cause movement. |
| Define nervous tissue. | Consists of cells which are able to conduct electrical impulses to and from different parts of body quite quickly. (several metres/second) |
| Why is it an advantage for multi-cellular organism to be made up of millions of small cells rather than hundreds of large cells. | Smaller cells mean that there is a greater SA:V for diffusion of material in and out. Millions of cells means that cells can be grouped as tissue, tissue as organs and organs as systems. This is called specialisation. |
| Explain what: "cells with different structures and functions can have identical genetic potential" means and how it is possible. | All organisms begin life as a single cell called a zygote. As the cell divides y mitosis, all of the cells formed have the same genotypes. In difference parts of the body certain genes are turned on or off and the cells will develop differently. |
| Explain why blood is considered a tissue. | A tissue is defined as a collection of similar cells. Blood consists of a solution called plasma in which there are predominantly red blood cells, making it a tissue. |
| Describe how tissues in the human body are held together. | Tissues in the human body are held together by connective tissue. This connective tissue often fibres for example collagen and specialised cells, eg, ligaments and tendons. |
| Explain why muscle tissue would consist of cells with a considerable amount of cytoskeleton. | Muscle tissue is made up of muscle cells. The cells have the ability to contract because they contain a cytoskeleton which consists of micro-fibrils and filaments. Muscle cells can only work by contracting not be expanding. |
| List the major organs, the tissues and specialised cells that make up the circulatory system in humans. | The circulatory system consists of the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries. These consist of muscle, nerve, connective, blood an epithelial tissues. |
| Cells co-ordinate activities to form tissues and tissues co-ordinate to form organs. Do you think the different body systems in a human co-ordinate their functions? Explain, giving examples. | No body system can work in isolation. For example the digestive system also requires the circulation of blood, the contraction of muscles and the action of nerves. The hormone and nerve systems are important in co-ordinating other body systems. |
Created by:
MahaliaMcD
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