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C11) Cell culturing
Cells and tissue culturing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define sterile conditions. | Conditions that do not contain any living micro-organisms. |
| Define in vitro. | When a particular procedure is used within a laboratory or equipment. |
| Define in vivo. | When a particular procedure is used within a living organism. |
| Define clone. | A copy of a molecule, cell, or organism. |
| Define tissue culture. | When identical cells are grown in vitro to form a tissue. |
| Define bioethics. | The study and discussion of what is good and bad about certain biological techniques. |
| Define generation time. | The time for one complete generation, normally measured between successive births. |
| Define micropropagation. | Techniques by which very tiny fragments of plants can be grown or propagated. |
| Define explant. | A small piece, cut from a stock plant for the purpose of propagation, usually a section of a root, stem, or bud. |
| Define differentiated. | A cell which a has developed a particular form or structure in order to fulfil a certain function in an organism. |
| Define propagate. | To develop new individuals usually by asexual means in plants. |
| What are the steps of cell culturing? | Tissue of interest is dissected to expose cells of the same type. Proteolytic enzymes are added to tissue to digest intercellular matrix of connective tissue and release cells. Cells placed in culture medium with sugars, salts and sometimes antibiotics. |
| How is the cell culture kept? | In a flat flask at the optimum temperature (37 degrees for humans. Cells will usually grow quickly to cover the bottom of the flask. |
| Define the Hayflick Limit. | Usually cultured cells will only grow for 30 to 40 generations. |
| Describe the technique for culturing plant cells. | Explants of a sterile stockplant are removed. They are transferred to solution to be sterilised (remove microbes from surface) Transferred to culture vessel containing nutrient rich agar jelly and hormones and optimum conditions. FINISH* |