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C10) Cell evolution

Evolution from prokaryotic to eukaryotic cells

QuestionAnswer
When was the earth believed to have formed? About 4.5 billion years ago
What did the atmosphere on earth at that time consist of? Water vapour, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane and ammonia gas.
What was it like? Warmer temperature, volcanic activity and electrical storms.
Define evolution. A process of gradual change which occurs with successive generations of organisms.
Define eubacteria. All prokaryotes with the exception of those inhabiting extreme environments.
Define prokaryotes. Primitive organisms which lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles eg. bacteria
Define eukaryotes. Complicated cells which contain a nuclues and membrane-bound organelles. These are the cells of large plants and animals.
Define endosymbosis. A process by which mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have become incorporated into eukaryotic cells.
What evidence supports the theory that life has gradually developed rather than the sudden appearance of large animals and plants. The study of fossils, the study of embryos and that change continues to occur in organisms. Most powerful evidence is obtained by comparing DNA from different organisms. This shows alike organisms have similar DNA. A phylogenetic tree shows relationships.
What evidence suggests prokaryotic cells appeared before eukaryotic cells. Similarity of chloroplasts and mitochondria to other prokaryotes. Both of these organelles contain their own DNA, RNA and ribosomes capable of independent replication.
Use a diagram to show the theory of endosymbosis. INSERT DIAGRAM **********
Define stromatolites. Fossilised remains of primitive photosynthetic prokaryotes.
Define hyperthermophiles. Bacteria capable of withstanding extreme heat that are found deep below the Earth's crust.
Define protists. The oldest and most primitive form of eukaryotes. Protozoa and algae.
Created by: MahaliaMcD
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