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Chapter 9,10,11
Exam 4 Material
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| where two bones come together | joint |
| functional classification of a joint; immovable joints; very strong | synarthroses |
| functional classification of a joint; slightly movable joints; | amphiarthroses |
| functional classification of a joint; freely movable joints | diarthroses |
| example of a fibrous synarthrosis; bones interlock; bound together by dense fibrous c.t. | sutures |
| example of a cartilaginous synarthrosis; rigid bridge between two bones; example of this would be epiphyseal plate in long bones and costal cartilages | synchondrosis |
| example of a fibrous amphiarthrosis; bones connected by ligaments; distal ends of tibia and fibula | syndesmosis |
| example of a cartilaginous amphiarthrosis; bones separated by fibrocartilage; example of this is symphysis pubis and intervertebral discs | symphysis |
| produced by synovial membrane; functions are lubrication,nutrient distribution,and shock absorption | synovial fluid |
| accessory structure of synovial joints | fibrous meniscus and accessory ligaments |
| injury which tears collagen fibers in ligaments | sprain |
| attached to muscles around joint and help support joint | tendons |
| pockets of synovial fluids; cushion areas where tendons and ligaments rub | bursae |
| one part of an intervertebral disk that contains an inner gelatinous mass that provides elasticity and compressibility | nucleus pulposus |
| one part of an intervertebral disk that contains a collar of collagen fibers and fibrocartilage and surrounds the nucleus pulposus | annulus fibrosus |
| functions of this is to hold intervertebrae together,resist tension in spine,and act as shock absorbers | intervertebral disk |
| type of motion whr bone surfaces glide past eachother;this motion takes place between carpals and tarsals | gliding or linear |
| motion where point doesnt move;includes flexion,extension,hyperextension,adbuction,and adduction | angular |
| motion where point doesnt move;forms cone;takes place in a ball and jocket joint;produces a circular motion | circumduction |
| type of motion made when shaking head no | rotation |
| rotation of the forearm;rotates forearm radius over ulna; hands face back | pronation |
| rotates forearm to anatomical position | suppination |
| special movement where sole of foot is twisted medially | inversion |
| special movement where sole of foot is twisted laterally | eversion |
| speical movement where theres flexion at the ankle;lifting toes | dorsiflexion |
| special movement whr theres extension at ankle;pointing toes | plantar flexion |
| special movement whr thumb is moved toward fingers or palms;grasping | opposition |
| special movement whr a part is moved anteriorly in a horizontal plane;pushing part forward | protraction |
| special movement thats opposite of protraction;pulling back | retraction |
| special movement that moves in inferior direction | depression |
| special movement that moves in superior direction | elevation |
| special movement that bends vertebral column from side to side | lateral flexion |
| type of synovial joint that has limited motion;flattened or slightly curving faces;found in sacrum & iliac bones,vertebral costal joints,intercarpal and intertarsals | gliding joint |
| type of synovial joint thats an angular motion in one place;found in knee & elbow,ankle,&between phalanges | hinge joint |
| type of synovial joint that allows rotation only;found between atlas and dens of axis | pivot joint |
| type of synovial joint that has an oval angular face w/in a depression and found between radius and carpals | condylar(ellipsoidal)joints |
| type of synovial joint that has 2 concave surfaces and is straddled and found between the thumb metacarpal and carpal bone | saddle joint |
| type of synovial joint that provides movement in 3 planes-hip and shoulder joint | ball and socket joint |
| disorder that is characterized by wear and tear;most common form of arthritis | Osteoarthritis |
| type of arthritis thats autoimmune;swell and inflame | Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| build of uric acid crystal | Gouty Arthritis |
| ability of muscle cells to respond to stimuli | excitability |
| muscle cells unique ability to shorten when stimulated;enables muscles to pull on bones | contractility |
| ability of muscle cells to stretch again between contractions | extensibility |
| tendency of a muscle to return to original length when tension is released | elasticity |
| point of attachment that doesnt change position when muscle contracts | origin |
| point of attachment that moves toward fixed end | insertion |
| muscle primarily responsible for producing a particular movement | agonist or prime mover |
| muscle whose action opposes that of a particular agonist | antagonist |
| helps agonist work efficiently;may provide additional pull near insertion and stabilize point of origin | synergist |
| the fascicles of this muscle spread out like a fan w/tendon at apex | convergent muscle |
| this muscle is also called a feather | pennate |
| type of pennate muscle whr all fascicles are on same side of tendon | unipennate |
| type of pennate muscle whr fascicles are on both sides of tendon | bipennate |
| type of pennate muscle whr tendon branches w/in pennate muscle | multipennate |
| fascicles concentrically arranged around opening | circular muscles or sphincters |
| group of muscles formed by 4;located in anterior thigh | quads |
| muscles located on the posterior thigh | hamstrings |
| muscles wrap around like a belt | transverse abdominis |
| broad,flat tendon;sheetlike | aponeurosis |
| external collagen layers that surrounds entire muscle | epimysium |
| surrounds bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles;holds b.v. and nerves that supply fascicles | perimysium |
| deepest c.t. layer surrounds individual muscle fiber | endomysium |
| plasma membrane of skeletal muscle fiber | sarcolemma |
| cytoplasm of skeletal muscle fiber | sarcoplasm |
| long protein bundles in sarcoplasm | myofibrils |
| modified smooth ER;forms network around each myofibril;is a reservoir for Ca2+;stores Ca2+ that are necessary for contraction | sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| part of sarcoplasmic reticulum | terminal cisternae |
| infoldings of sarcolemma which penetrate deep into muscle fiber | transverse tubules |
| consists of a T-tubule & terminal cisternae on either side | triad |
| type of myofibril that is made of protien myosin;about 300 myosin molecules bundle together | thick filament |
| type of myofibril thats about 1/2 the size of thick filament;composed of 3 proteins-actin,troponin,tropomyosin | thin filament |
| contractile protein | actin |
| regulatory proteins;control reactions between actin and myosin | troponin, tropomyosin |
| contractile unit;consists of thick filaments;extends from z line to next z line;contains striations | sarcomere |
| results from difference in concentration of charged particles between one point and another | electrical potentials |
| flow of charged particles from one to another | electrical current |
| open and close when voltage across plasma membrane reaches specific voltage | voltage-gated channels |
| also called ligand gated channels;open when specific chemical bonds to channel and close when chemical unbinds | chemically gated channels |
| channels that are slightly open and allow ions to leak thru | leaky channels |
Created by:
CrystalHairston
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