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Exercise 2
Diffusion and Osmosis
| A | B |
|---|---|
| What cells need in order to work? | - Sources of energy - all required elements - oxygen for aerobic organisms - any cofactor that cannot synthesize (vitamins) |
| Sources of Energy | - sugar - reduced organic compound- convert to ATP |
| What by-products of metabolism must a cell release? | -CO2 -ethanol or lactic acid -oxygen produced in photosynthesis -nitrogenous wastes |
| What if concentration is too high? | become toxic to cell |
| Homeostasis | cell must maintain stable internal conditions |
| Cell working with or against mechanisms of: | Diffusion |
| Diffusion | substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| Temperature above absolute zero | molecules are in a state of constant motion due to the heat energy imparted to them |
| movement of particules at high energy | random |
| What is the function of the molecule's temperature and molecular weight? | Velocity |
| Diffusion of a substance? | directly proportional to the absolute temperature in degrees Kelvin and inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight |
| Distance that molecules move without encountering other molecules depends on? | The nature of the material |
| What is a concentration gradient | difference in concentrations |
| Osmosis | -special case of diffusion -involves the passage of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Selectively permeable membrane | a membrane that permits the free passage of water, but prevents or retards the movement of other substances |
| Hypotonic | water moves in the cell where there's less water, cell swells |
| Hypertonic | water moves out of the cell, cell shrinks |
| Osmotic Pressure | Amount of water that will diffuse -as water moves into the cell, the pressure in the cell increases until the water ceases to enter |
| Isotonic | osmotic pressure of both sides of a semipermeable membrane is equal -no change in cell shape or size |
| Nonpolar compounds | the electrons are equally shared by the atoms sharing a bond, as in the long-chain portion of fatty-acid molecules- soluble in nonpolar solvents (hexane and ether) but no solubility in polar solvents (water) |
| Partition Coefficient | The ratio of the solubility of a compound in a nonpolar solvent relative to its solubility in water; also directly related to the ability of compounds to penetrate cell membranes |
| The higher the Partition Coefficient | the greater its chance of penetrating into cells |
| The quicker a liquid moves into a cell... | the quicker pressure will be built up, and the sooner the cells will lyse |
| Longer Carbon chain | =less polar= faster cell entry |
| In the lab of Lipid solubility, which compound was fastest to lyse? | 3M propyl alcohol (C3H7OH)= P.C= 0.156 |
Created by:
Jahazania
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