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Chpt15_Evolution

Vocabulary from Chapter 15 of Holt Modern Biology

QuestionAnswer
Evolution The development of new types of organisms from preexisting types of organisms over time
Strata Rock layers
Natural selection A theory that proposes that descent with modification occurs as species become better adapted to different environments, or that nature changes species by selecting traits
Fitness A measure of an individual's hereditary contribution to the next generation
Adaptation A trait that makes an individual successful in its environment
Fossil The remains or traces of an organism that died long ago
Relative age A fossil's age compare to that of other fossils
Absolute age Age determined by the age of the rock a fossil is embedded in
Biogeography The study of the locations of organisms around the world
Homologous structures Anatomical structures that occur in different species and that originated by heredity from a structure in the most recent common ancestor of the species
Analogous structures Structures that have closely related functions but do not derive from the same ancestral structure
Vestigial structures Structures that seem to serve no function but that resemble structures with functional roles in related organisms
Phylogeny A model that shows the relationships by ancestry among groups of organisms
Convergent evolution The process by which different species evolve similar traits
Divergent evolution The process in which the descendents of a single ancestor diversify into species that each fit different parts of the environment
Adaptive radiation A pattern of divergence where a new population in a new environment undergoes divergent evolution until the population fills many parts of the environment
Artificial selection A process where a human breeder chooses individuals that will parent the next generation
Coevolution A situation where two or more species have evolved adaptations to each other's influence
Created by: SavioScience
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