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Freshwater Unit

QuestionAnswer
Absolute Zero the lowest temperature possible at which all motion of particles stops.
Aquifer underground formations, usually composed of sand, gravel, or permeable rock, capable of storing and yielding significant quantities of water.
Algae a plant-like protist.
Clean Water Act the primary federal law in the United States governing water pollution; established the goals of eliminating releases of high amounts of toxic substances into water.
Coliform Bacteria are a commonly used bacterial indicator of sanitary quality of foods and water;  they are universally present in large numbers in the feces of warm blooded animals
Condensation a gas changes to a liquid.
Conduction the transfer of energy through matter by direct contact of particles.
Convection the transfer of energy by the movement of matter.
Discharges defined by the Clean Water Act as the addition of pollutants (including animal manure or contaminated waters) to navigable waters.
Desalination the process of removing salt from water;  Most often it is a distillation process where salt water is evaporated, condensed, leaving the salt as a residue.
Eutrophication the ecosystem response to the addition of artificial or natural substances, such as nitrates and phosphates, through fertilizers orsewage, to an aquatic system.
Evaporation a liquid changes to a gas.
Freezing a liquid changes to a solid.
Freshwater water without significant amounts of dissolved sodium chloride (salt).  Characteristic of rain, rivers, ponds, and most lakes.
Gas variable shape, highest disorder, variable volume; particles have enough kinetic energy to separate from one another.
Groundwater water contained in porous rock and soils below the surface of the Earth
Heat the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of temperature difference.
Hydraulic Fracturing a technique used to release petroleum, natural gas (including shale gas, tight gas and coal seam gas), or other substances for extraction.
Hydrological cycle the process by which water constantly circulates circulates from the sea to the atmosphere to the earth, and back to the sea again.
Hydrology the scientific study of the water found on the earth’s surface, in its subsurface and in the atmosphere.
Infiltration the method by which surface water is soaked into the ground through tiny openings in the soil.
Kinetic Theory of Matter says that tiny particles (atoms, ions, or molecules) in constant motion make up all matter.
Melting a solid changes to a liquid.
Liquid variable shape, medium disorder, definite volume; particles have enough kinetic energy to move around one another.
Permeability The ease with which water and other fluids migrate through rock layers or landfill liners.
Salts a group of soluble compounds, including sodium chloride
Sediment tiny particles of dirt and rock carried by water, which eventually settle to the bottom.
Spring an opening in the surface of the earth from which groundwater flows.
Solid definite shape, lowest disorder (entropy), definite volume; particles do not have enough kinetic energy to separate from one another.
Sublimation solid changes directly to a gas without going through the liquid state.
Temperature a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of matter.
Transpiration the exhalation of water vapor  by the leaves of plants.
Turbidity cloudiness caused by sediment suspended in water.
Water Table The level to which groundwater rises, or the surface of the zone of saturation.
Watershed the area of land that drains into a lake or stream.
Zone of Aeration the layer of earth, above the water table, containing air
Zone of Saturation the layer beneath the zone of aeration, in which all openings are filled with groundwater.
Created by: smvree
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