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ESC1000 Ch1-4

Foundations of Earth Science Chapters 1-4

QuestionAnswer
Any naturally occurring inorganic solid that possesses an orderly crystalline structure and definite chemical composition. Mineral
Any solid mass of mineral, or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally as part of our planet. Rock
If you take the atom apart, you will find it consists of three subatomic particles. These particles are: Electrons,Protons, & Neutron.
What does the atomic number indicate? The number of protons that element has.
ions are held together by the attraction of the positive and negative charges. Ionic bonds
Two atoms share electrons Covalent bonds
The sharing of electrons in metals such as gold, copper, iron, etc. Metallic bonds
List Properties of Minerals Luster, Ability to Transmit Light Color, Streak, Crystal Shape, Tenacity, & Hardness Cleavage Fracture Specific gravity
The earth's storehouse of useful minerals that can be recovered for use. Mineral Resource
Resources include already identified deposits from which minerals can be extracted profitable, called.... Reserves
Useful organic material that can be mined for profit. Ore
The mass number of an atom is obtained by totaling the number of ___________. protons and neutrons
A well-tested and widely accepted view that explains certain observable facts is known as a(n) __________. Theory
T/F One of the most reliable diagnostic physical properties of minerals is color. False
The tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weak bonding is called ________. cleavage
Atomic particles called _______ have a positive charge, whereas ______ have negative charges. protons, electrons
Which one of the following is NOT a physical property of minerals? A) hardness B) cleavage C) luster D) streak E) chemical composition E) chemical composition
Variations of the same element, but different mass numbers, are called ___________. isotopes
When an atom combines chemically with another atom, it either gains, loses, or shares ____________. Electrons
Molten material found within Earth is called ________. Magma
What are the process of mechanical weathering? frost wedging, sheeting, & Biological activity
Sedimentary rocks are ___________. layered, or bedded
The term lithification means "conversion into rock"
_________ is magma at Earths surface, except that most of the ________ component has escaped. lava, gas
What is the most important agent of chemical weathering Water
Igneous rock is formed _______. by crystallization of molten rock
Exfoliated domes consist of _______. igneous rock
The single most important agent sculpturing Earth's land surface is Running Water
The ability of a stream to erode is directly related to its velocity
The lowest level to which a stream can erode its channel is the stream's base level
When a stream slows down, its competence is reduced and sediment begins to be deposited
_______________ represents the largest reservoir of freshwater that is readily available to humans ground water
The drop in elevation of a stream divided by the distance the water travels. stream gradient
The world's largest river in terms of discharge is the __________. Amazon
When ice accumulation equals ice wastage, the front of the glacier will __________. remain stationary
What is deposited directly by a glacier? Till
ost of the erosional work in deserts is accomplished by _________. Running Water
T/F Most desert streams carry water only in response to specific episodes of rainfall. True
Where is the worlds largest ice sheet located today? Antarctica
During the most recent ice age, glaciers covered about _______ percent of Earth's land area. 30
Which process occurs where a glacier enters the sea? Calving
T/F The Colorado River is an example of a large wash. False
A _______ forms when a block of ice is buried in drift and subsequently melts creating a pit. Kettle
Created by: SKloorfain
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