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GI disorders
Common GI disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| breakdown or mucosal lining or infection with H-pylori bacteria- teat with NSAIDs | peptic ulcer |
| physiological stress is the main mechanism, decreased perfusion of the stomach | stress ulcer |
| hematemesis | fresh bright red blood or coffee ground blood in the emesis |
| melena | black tarry sticky smelly stools |
| hematochezia | bright red or maroon stools that shows lower GI tract bleed |
| clinical presentation of a GI bleed | hematemesis, melena, hematochezia |
| test for GI bleed | endoscopy, assessment of abdomen, bowel sounds, PT, PTT, BUN and type oand cross match |
| management of a GI bleed | stablize pt, fluids, blood or blood components, PA cath, oral tube, acid suppressive therapy, decreased protal hypertension and vaspressin with nitro |
| portal hypertension secondary to cirrhosis causes | espohageal varices |
| treatment of espohageal varices | balloon tamponade with two balloon esphagogastric tube, maintain airway, O2, IV access, I&O, assess for shock, monitor labs, reduce acidity , control bleeding, watch for complications and educated the pt. |
| common causes are gallstones, excessive alcohol intake, drug reaction, post trauma, and infections | pancreatitis |
| pancreatitis | enzymes become prematurely activated in the pancrease and autodigestion results |
| S&S of pancreatitis | N&V with out relief of pain |
| tests for pancreatitis | abdominal ultra sound, CT with out contrast |
| local complications of pancreastitis | necrosis, pseudocyst (collection of pancreatic fluid resulting in obstruction of the duct), rupture, infected |
| systemic complications of pancreatitis | hypozemai, atelectasis, effusion, ARDS, hypovolemic shock. acute renal failure, GI hemorrhage, hypocalcemia, hyperlipidemia |
| management of pancreatitis | ensure adequate circulating volume and correct metavolic alterations, pain amnagemtn, rest of the pancrease, provide nutritional support with TPS, NPO till pain free and amylase levels are normal |
| flu like symptoms | hepatic failure |
| complications of hepatic failure | cirrhosis, ascites, hight output cardiac failure, hepatic encephalopathy, accumulation of GI tract toxic agents, elecated serum ammonia, hepatorenal syndrome, sponaneous bacterial peritonitis |
| medical management is aimed at multiple systems, neo for nitrogen waste, control bleeding metabolic disturbances, possible ICP monitoring, resp support and hemodynamics | management of hepatic failure |
| prevent additioal liver sress, provide nurtition, monitor fluid balance, u/o, chemistry, electrolytes monitor for signs of bleeding, blowel cleansing, infection | nursing management of hepatic failure |
Created by:
dnoyes
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