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Chap 6 Herlihy
anatomy book
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| tissues | groups of cells that are similar to each other in structure and function |
| histology | the study of tissues |
| Epithelial tissue or epithlium | helps form the skin sheets of epithelium also lines most of the inner cavities. has two surfaces the basement membrane and the surface. has no blood supply of its own it is avascular |
| epithelial tissue function | protection, absorption, filtration and secretion |
| basement membrane | very thin material that anchors the epithelium to the underlying structure |
| squamous epithelium | thin and flat, like fish scales |
| simple epithelium | one layer of cells. concerned primarily with the movement or transport of various substances across the membranes form one body compartment to another |
| stratified epithelium | two or more layers of cells |
| goblet cell | modified columnar cells produce lubrication mucus |
| transitional epithelium | found primarily in organs that need to stretch such as the urinary bladder |
| gland | made up of one or more cells that secrete a particular substance |
| exocrine glands | have ducts or tiny tubes into which the exocrine secretions are released before reaching the body surface. mucous, saliva, sweat and digestive enzymes. |
| endocrine glands | secrete hormones such as insulin, do not have ducts. hormones are secreted directly into blood |
| connective tissue | most abundant of the 4 types of tissue. it connects or binds together parts of the body. also for support, protection, fat storage, and transport of substances. good blood supply abundance of intercellular matrix. |
| fibroblasts | inmature cells found in loose and dense fibrous tissue |
| chondroblasts | inmature cells found in cartilage |
| osteoblasts | inmature cells found in bone. secrete a matrix that includes collagen, calcium salts and other minerals. matures into osteocytes |
| intercellular matrix | what makes the various types of connective tissue different. composed of fibrous protein and ground substance. hardness & amount varies from one type of cells to the next. |
| protein fibers | found in matrix of connective tissue.includes collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers. |
| loose connective tissue | fibers loosely arranged around cells. types are areolar, adipose and reticular. |
| areolar tissue | made up of collagen and elastin fibers in a gel like intercellular matrix. soft and surrounds protects and cushions many of the organs. |
| adipose tissue | loose connective tissue composed of adipocytes. cells that store fat. |
| fat | body's reservoir of energy, temperature regulation, cushion, protects organs by anchoring them in place |
| reticular connective tissue | network of delicately interwoven cells and fibers.forms framework for lymph tissue, spleen and bone marrow. |
| dense fibrous connective tissue | composed of fibroblasts and an intercellular matrix that contains collagen and elastic fibers |
| tendons | cordlike structures composed of dense fibrous connective tissue that attach muscles to bones |
| ligaments | dense fibrous connective tissue that cross joints and attach bones to each other |
| fascia | dense fibrous connective tissue forms bands or sheets of tissue. covers muscles, blood vessels, and nerves |
| cartilage | formed by chondroblasts that eventually mature into chondrocytes or cartilage cells.firm smooth and rubbery. types are hyaline, elastic, and fibro. |
| perichondrium | layer of connective tissue that carries blood vessels to the cartilage covers the cartilage |
| hyaline cartilage | found in larynx, ends of long bones at joints, nose and area between the breastbone and ribs. found in larger quantities in the fetal skeleton |
| osseous | bone tissue |
| blood and lymph | two types of connective tissue that have liquid intercellular matrix. blood consists of flood cells surrounded by a fluid matrix called plasma |
| nervous tissue | brain, spinal cord and nerves. two gypes of cells, neurons and neuroglia |
| neurons | nerve cells that transmit electrical signals to and from the brain and spinal cord. three parts the dendrites, cell body and single axon |
| dendrites | receive information from other neurons |
| single axon | transmits information away from the cell body |
| neuroglia or glia | cells that support and take care of the neurons |
| muscle tissue | composed of cells that shorten or contract. cause movement of body parts. three types smooth skeletal and cardiac |
| skeletal muscle | attached to bone has striations or stripes. therefore called striated muscle. moves the skeleton, maintain posture and stabilize joints |
| smooth muscle or visceral | found in the walls of the viscera or organs like the stomach, intestine and urinary bladder also in blood vessels and bronchioles. |
| cardiac muscle | found only in the heart pumps blood has long branching cells that fit together tightly at junctions |
| tissue repair | regeneration and fibrosis. regeneration refers to the replacement of tissue by cells that are identical to the original.regeneration occurs only in cells that undergo mitosis. fibrosis is the replacement of injured tissue by the formation of scar tissue. |
| keloid scars | excessive tissue repair of injured skin leads to the formation of keloids. |
| membranes | thin sheets of tissue that cover surfaces either epithelial or connective |
| epithelial membranes | include the cutaneous membrane (skin), mucous membrane and the serous membranes. |
| cutaneous membrane | the skin. outer layer of skin (epidermis) is stratified squamous epithelium. underlying layer (dermis) is composed of fibrous connective tissue. |
| mucous membranes | line all body cavities that open to the exterior of the body. includes digestive, urinary, reproductive, and respiratory. |
| serous membranes | line the ventral body cavities, which are not open to the exterior of the body |
| parietal layer | part of the membrane that lines the walls of the cavities |
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Dale1227
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