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Chap 2 Herlihy
anatomy book
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | the study of matter |
| Matter | anything that occupies space and has weight |
| physical change | chopping wood into chips |
| chemical change | burning wood |
| element | matter that is composed of atoms that have the same number of positive charges in their nuclei |
| plumbism | lead poisoning |
| trace elements | present in tiny amounts. essential for life |
| H | hydrogen H+ important in acid-base balance |
| N | nitrogen |
| Ca | calcium Ca2+ component of bones and teeth, blood clotting, muscle contraction |
| P | phosphorus |
| S | sulfur |
| Na | Sodium Na+ fluid balance (principal extracellular cation) nerve and muscle function |
| Cl | Chlorine |
| Mg | Magnesium |
| Fe | Iron Fe2+ component of hemoglobin (oxygen transport) |
| I | Iodine |
| Cr | Chromium |
| Co | Cobalt |
| Cu | Copper |
| F | Fluorine |
| Se | Selenium |
| Zn | Zinc |
| atom | smallest unit of an element with that element's chemical characteristics. basic unit of matter |
| subatomic particles | protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| protons | carry a positive charge |
| neutrons | carry no electrical charge |
| electrons | carry a negative charge |
| atoms are electrically neutral | number of protons is equal to the number of electrons |
| atomic number | number of protons in the nucleus |
| atomic mass | determined by adding the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus |
| atomic weight | roughly equivalent to atomic mass |
| isotope | a different form of the same atom |
| radioisotopes | unstable isotopes. damaging to tissue used to destroy cells. |
| radioactivity | process of spontaneous breakdown (decay) |
| chemical bond | electrical attraction between atoms. three types ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds |
| ionic bond | caused by a transfer of electrons between atoms such as sodium and chlorine which makes salt. |
| covalent bond | sharing of electrons in outer shells. like holding hands. water is an example |
| hydrogen bond | the weak bonding of the positive charge of hydrogen is attracted to the weak negative charge of the oxygen in another happens in water. |
| polar molecule | molecule that has a lopsided charge (water) it has a positive end and a negative end. |
| ions | atoms that carry an electrical charge. formed when electrons in the outer shell are lost or gained |
| cation | a positively charged ion (sodium) |
| anion | a negatively charged ion (chlorine) |
| electrolyte | substance that forms ions when it is dissolved in water. capable of conducting and electrical current. |
| K | Potassium K+ nerve and muscle function, chief intracellular cation |
| NH4+ | Ammonium Important in acid-base regulation |
| Cl- | Chloride primary extracellular anion |
| Bicarbonate | HCO3 important in acid-base regulation |
| Phosphate | PO43- component of bones and teeth, component of ATP(energy) |
| dissociate | when and electrolyte splits or breaks apart in solution Ex. salt dissolved in water this dissociation of electrolytes is called ionization |
| ionization | dissociation process that creates ions |
| molecule | when two or more atoms bond together |
| compound | substance that contains molecules formed by two or more different atoms |
| water | universal solvent, temp regulator, ideal lubricant, crucial role in chemical reactions, protective device |
| most abundant compound in body | water 2/3 of an adult's body weight |
| oxygen | air is 21% oxygen. liberates the energy from the food we ear powers the body |
| chemical reaction | process whereby the atoms of molecules or compounds interact to form new chemical combinations |
| catalyst | chemical substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| enzymes | when proteins perform the role of a catalyst |
| acid | electrolyte that dissociates into a Hydrogen ion and an anion. strong acids dissociates completely. weak acids does not dissociate completely |
| base | has a bitter taste and is slippery like soap. substance that combines with hydrogen |
| PH | unit of measurement that indicates how may H+ are in a solution ranges from 0 to 14. less that 7 is acidic. more than 7 is basic or alkaline. |
| Sodium | Na+ Fluid balance (principal extracellular cation) nerve and muscle function |
| Potassium | K+ Nerve and muscle function, chief intracellular cation |
| <7 | acid |
| >7 | base |
| blood ph | 7.35-7.45 |
| six forms of energy | mechanical, chemical, electrical, radiant, thermal, & nuclear |
| mixture | combination of two or more substances that can be separated by ordinary physical means (iron bits and sugar) |
| solution | particles that are mixed together remain evenly distributed |
| suspensions | are mixtures the particles are relatively large and tend to settle to the bottom unless the mixture is shaken continuously |
| precipitates | formation of a solid in a solution during a chemical reaction. |
Created by:
Dale1227
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