Deductive Reasoning 1

reasoning which constructs or evaluates deductive arguments.

Inductive Reasoning 1

a kind of reasoning that allows for the possibility that the conclusion is false even where all of the premises are true.

Deductive Reasoning 2

arrives at a specific conclusion based on generalizations

Inductive Reasoning 2

takes events and makes generalizations

Inductive Reasoning 3

progresses from observations of individual cases to the development of generality

an incorrect pattern of reasoning

attacking or praising the people who make an argument, rather than discussing the argument itself

Argument to the People

using an appeal to popular assent, often by arousing the feelings and enthusiasm of the multitude rather than building an argument

must be true, must be followed, must be the best choice. Ex. "Everybody is doing it."

all the best people are doing it

a premise must be true because people have always believed it or done it.

Appeal to Improper Authority

an argument from that which is improper; improper authority, such as a famous person or a source that may not be reliable.

argument from pity; an emotional appeal concerning what should be a logical issue during a debate.

a conclusion one has yet to prove

Argument from Ignorance

appealing to a lack of information to prove a point

any lame attempt to "prove" an argument by overstating, exaggerating, or over-simplyifying the arguments of the opposing side.

once the first step is undertaken, a second or third step will inevitably follow. Ex. slippery incline - fall and slide all the way to the bottom

The Achilles' Heel Fallacy

poke one hole in your opponent's argument, or find one thing wrong with it, that the entire argument is invalidated. Also called, "the fallacy of hasty generalization."

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Logical Fallacies

Fallacies and Reasonings

Question	Answer
Deductive Reasoning 1	reasoning which constructs or evaluates deductive arguments.
Inductive Reasoning 1	a kind of reasoning that allows for the possibility that the conclusion is false even where all of the premises are true.
Deductive Reasoning 2	arrives at a specific conclusion based on generalizations
Inductive Reasoning 2	takes events and makes generalizations
Inductive Reasoning 3	progresses from observations of individual cases to the development of generality
Fallacy	an incorrect pattern of reasoning
Personal Attack	attacking or praising the people who make an argument, rather than discussing the argument itself
Argument to the People	using an appeal to popular assent, often by arousing the feelings and enthusiasm of the multitude rather than building an argument
Bandwagon Approach	must be true, must be followed, must be the best choice. Ex. "Everybody is doing it."
Patriotic Approach	Draping oneself in the flag
Snob Approach	all the best people are doing it
Appeal to Tradition	a premise must be true because people have always believed it or done it.
Appeal to Improper Authority	an argument from that which is improper; improper authority, such as a famous person or a source that may not be reliable.
Appeal to Emotion	argument from pity; an emotional appeal concerning what should be a logical issue during a debate.
Circular Reasoning	a conclusion one has yet to prove
Argument from Ignorance	appealing to a lack of information to prove a point
Straw Man Argument	any lame attempt to "prove" an argument by overstating, exaggerating, or over-simplyifying the arguments of the opposing side.
Slippery Slope	once the first step is undertaken, a second or third step will inevitably follow. Ex. slippery incline - fall and slide all the way to the bottom
The Achilles' Heel Fallacy	poke one hole in your opponent's argument, or find one thing wrong with it, that the entire argument is invalidated. Also called, "the fallacy of hasty generalization."

Created by: stanman37

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