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Neonate Infection
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| give examples of physical barriers | skin, mucous membranes, blood brain barrier |
| chemical barriers include, | stomach acid, F.A.'s in skin, enzymes and proteins, saliva tears and mucous |
| cellular immunity includes | phagocytes(macrophage, lymphocytes), ctotoxic killer T-cells, monocytes, neutrophils etc |
| IgG is synthesised from... | 12-15W |
| what percentage of the immunoglobulin pool is made of IgG | 75% |
| what is IgA found in | saliva, tears, colostrum and breastmilk |
| when is IgA synthesised | 30W |
| what is IgM part of | the primary response to infection |
| when is IgM synthesised | 15W |
| what is IgE effective against | parastic infections (i.e.toxoplasmosis) |
| what is opsonization? | process of recognition of antigenic material previously experienced and the subsequent antibody reaction decreasing reaction time |
| name four ways of reducing infection | vernix, breastfeeding, indivdual equipment, handwashing |
| name the three periods of infection | transplacental (small viruses), Ascending (PROM,chorioamnmioitis), Postpartum ->most susceptible |
| when does GBStrep present in the neonate | within 4-6hours |
| what does GBStrep cuase in the baby | respiratory failure and shock followed by collapse |
| how is toxoplasmosis diagnosed in the fetus | DNA from amniotic fluid |
| what are the clinical features of a baby who has contracted toxoplasmosis? | hydrocephalus, epilepsy, chorioretintis, liver disease, myocardial impairment, SGA |
| what are the clinical features of a baby who was subjected to rubella | SGA cataracts, deafness, microcephaly, rubella ostetitis, cardiac abnormalities, liver damage... |
| what are some clinincal features of a baby subjected to cytomegalovirus | SGA if congenital, intracerebral calcification, chorio retinitis, deafness |
| how can a fetus contract herpes | vertical transmission during labour |
| what can herpes cause in the fetus | central nervous system disease, blindness |
| how is herpes diagnosed | the presence of vesicles |
| what is herpes in the neonate treated with | actyclovir |
| how is syphilis transmitted to the fetus | transplacentally |
| what are the consequences of a fetus contracting syphilis | organomegaly, osteochondria, meningitis, hydrocephaly |
| how is syphilis treated in pregnancy | penicillin |
| how is chlamydia contracted | vertical transmission |
| when does chlamydia present in the neonate | 5-12 days postnatally |
| what are the symptoms of chlamydia in the neonate | watery discharge from the eye |
| how is chlamydia treated | tetracycline for both mum and baby |
| what are the consequences of a gonoccal eye infection | damaged cornea |
| how is a gonoccal eye infection treated | systemic penicillin and penicillin eye drops, isolate mother and baby!! |
| what is the most common cause of paronychia | staph aureus |
| how is paronychia treated | oral flucloxicillin |
| what are common causes of umbilical cord infection | Staph Aureus, E. Coli, Klebsiella |
| what are the treatment options for an umbilical cord infection | topical-chlohexidene powder if severe-> IV antibiotics |
| how is a local infection of candida treated | nystatin |
| what treatments can be used to treat a systemic candida infection | amphotericin, flucytosine, fluconazole |
| true or flase- HIV +ve women with a high viral load appear to be at greater risk of transmitting infection | true |
| name an antiretroviral drug given in pregnancy | zidovudine |
| what are some symptoms indicating a neonate may have contracted HIV | poor growth, repiratory infections, uncommon co-infections i.e. cmv herpes etc |
Created by:
KerriPatton
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