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Chapter 5 Heredity
Chapter5 Heredity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring. |
| Allele | Different forms a gene may have for a trait (ex. B or b, dominant or recessive) |
| Genetics | The study of how traits are inherited through the actions of alleles |
| Dominant | The form of a trait that appears to mask another form of the same trait (represented with capital letters ex. B) |
| Recessive | The form of a trait that seems to disappear in a population but can reappear depending on the way the alleles combine |
| Punnett Square | Tool used to predict the traits of any offspring. Shows all the ways the alleles of each parent can possible combine. |
| Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism for a specific trait (always written in letters) |
| Phenotype | The physical trait that shows as a result of a particular genotype (a word which is usually an adjective) |
| Homozygous | An organism with two alleles for a trait that are exactly the same (ex. BB or bb) |
| Heterozygous | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait (one dominant and one recessive) |
| Pure Recessive | Has two identical recessive alleles for a trait (ex. bb) |
| Pure Dominant | Has two identical dominant alleles for a trait (ex. BB) |
| Multiple Alleles | A trait that is controlled by more than two alleles |
| Polygenic Inheritance | Occurs when a group of gene pairs act together to produce a single trait (ex. hair color, eye color, height) |
| Incomplete Dominance | Dominance is NOT happening, dominant and recessive genes are equal in strength (three phenotypes) |
| Purebred | Has two of the same alleles |
| Hybrid | Carry a dominant and a recessive allele |
| Universal Donor | Type O, can donate to any blood type |
| Universal Recipient | Type AB, can receive a donation from any blood type |
| Recessive Genetic Disorders | Inherited if each parent has at least one recessive gene for the disease (represented with just one letter ex. BB or Bb or bb, doesn't use x and y chromosomes, involves the other 22 chromosome pairs) |
| Sex-Linked Disorder | Disorder that is involved on the x chromosomes that determine your gender. (either xx or xy) (ex. colorblindness and hemophilia) |
| Sickle-Cell Anemia | Red blood cells are sickle-shaped instead of disc shaped making it harder for blood cells to travel through the body (is a recessive genetic disorder) |
| Cystic Fibrosis | Instead of a person's body making a thin fluid, it makes a thick mucus (is a recessive genetic disorder) |
| Colorblindness | When people can't tell the difference between the colors red and green (is a sex-linked disorder) |
| Hemophilia | A disorder when a person's blood doesn't clot properly, for people with this a scrape can be life threatening (is a sex-linked disorder) |
| X and Y Chromosomes | Members of the third pair of chromosomes and they determine gender. |
Created by:
gneale33
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