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Science Final 2012 !
Vocab
| Word | Definition |
|---|---|
| asexual reproduction | a new organism is produced from one organism |
| egg | haploid sex cell formed in the female reproductive organs |
| meiosis | process that produces haploid sex cells |
| sexual reproduction | a new organism is produced in which two sex cells come together |
| chromosome | structure in a cell's nucleus that contains hereditary material |
| fertilization | the joining of an egg and a sperm |
| mitosis | the process in which the nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei |
| sperm | haploid sex cell formed in the male reproductive organs |
| diploid | when cells have pairs of similar chromosomes |
| gene | contains instructions for making specific proteins |
| mutation | any permanent change in a gene or chromosome of a cell |
| zygote | diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes and egg |
| DNA | the genetic material of all organisms |
| haploid | has half the number of chromosomes as body cells |
| RNA | carries codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes |
| allele | an alternate form that a gene may have for a trait |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism |
| hybrid | receives different genetic information for a trait from each parent |
| dominant | covers up the other trait |
| recessive | the trait that seems to disappear |
| heredity | passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| phenotype | the way an organism looks and behaves as a result of its genotype |
| genetic engineering | changing the arrangement of DNA that makes up a gene |
| heterozygous | an organism with two alleles for one trait that are different |
| homozygous | an organism with two alleles for one trait that are the same |
| genetics | the study of how traits are inherited |
| cartilage | rubbery layer of tissue found at the ends of bones,where they form joints |
| involunatry muscle | muscles you cannot control |
| melanin | a pigment that protects your skin and gives it color |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| PNS | peripheral nervous system |
| neuron | nerve cells |
| dermis | middle layer of the skin |
| epidermis | outer thinnest layer of the skin |
| joint | any place where two or more bones come together |
| voluntary muscle | muscle that you are able to control |
| ligament | tough band of tissue that holds bones in place |
| tendon | thick band of tissue that attatches bones to muscles |
| physical property | a characteristic you can observe without changing it trying to change the composition of the substances |
| chemical property | a characteristic that cannot be observes without altering the substance |
| physical change | one in which the form or appearance of matter changes, but not it's composition |
| chemical change | substances are changed into different substances |
| vaporization | matter changes from a liquid to a gas |
| condensation | matter changes from a gas to a liquid |
| sublimation | solid changes to a gas |
| deposition | gas changes into a solid |
| law of conservation of mass | the total mass of matter is the same before and after a physical or chemical change |
| acid | releases positively charged ions in water |
| aqueous | a solution in which water is the solvent |
| solute | substance that dssolves and seems to disappear into another substance |
| concentration | describes how much solute is present in a solution compared to the amount of solvent |
| heterogenous mixture | contains substances that are not mixed evenly |
| homogenous mixture | another word for solution |
| solution | homogenous mixture |
| neutralization | acid reacts with a base and forms water and salt |
| saturated | contains all of the solute it can hold under a given condition |
| solvent | the substance that dissolves in the solute |
| precipitate | a solid formed when come solutions are mixed |
| substance | matter that has a fixed composition |
| solubility | measurement that describes how much solute dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a given temp. |