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Biology Final
These flashcards are for my 9th grade Biology final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chromatin | Strands of genetic material |
| Nucleolus | Makes ribosomes |
| Ribosomes | Directed by the DNA as to which proteins need to be produced |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | The site of chemical reactions |
| Golgi Apparatus | Modifies the proteins, and packages them into vesicles, to be sent to their appropriate destination |
| Vacuoles | Store materials (nutrients, water, etc.) |
| Lysosomes | Organelles that contain digestive enzymes |
| Chloroplast | Capture light energy, and convert it to chemical energy |
| Mitochondria | Membrane-bound organelles that make energy for the cell |
| Cytoskeleton | A support structure - allows cells to move fluidly |
| Microtubules | Thin, hollow cylinders made of protein |
| Microfilaments | Solid protein fibers. |
| Microtubules, and microfilaments work together to... | maintain the shape of the cell - much like the poles of a tent - and provide a highway system through which materials can move within the cell. |
| Centrioles | Made up of microtubules, and help with cell division. |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water |
| Isotoni Solution | Concentration of substance is balanced (same outside as inside) |
| Hypotonic | Concentration of substances is lower in the solution outside of the cell, and the solution must move outward to retain balance. |
| Hypertonic | Concentration of substances is lower inside the cell, and the solution outside of the cell, must move inward to retain balance. |
| Passive transport | Does not require energy; example: water passing through the plasma membrane |
| Active transport | Does require energy; example: carrier proteins taking a particle, and bringing it into / out of the cell |
| Endocytosis | A process by which a cell surrounds, and takes in material from its environment. |
| Exocytosis | A process by which a cell secretes materials from itself (like waste) |
| Interphase | The 1st stage of the cell cycle; cell grows in size, and carries on metabolism |
| Mitosis | The 2nd stage of the cell cycle; 2 daughter cells are formed- each has a complete set of chromosomes. |
| Prophase | The 1st stage of mitosis;longest phase; stringy chromatin coils up into visible chromosomes. |
| Metaphase | 2nd phase of mitosis;Chromosomes become attached to spindle fibers, and the chromosomes are pulled apart and they line up along the center. |
| Anaphase | 3rd phase of mitosis; centromeres split, and the chromosome strands are pulled to opposite sides of the cell |
| Telophase | 4th phase of mitosis; After the strands of the chromosome reach opposite sides of the cell, the chromosomes unwind and the spindle fibers break down. A new membrane begins form. |
| Cytokinesis | The plasma membrane pinches along the equator. |
| Characteristics of the Animalia Kingdom | 1. Eukaryote 2. Multicellular 3. Heterotrophic 4. Terrestrial and Aquatic 5. Sexual and Asexual 6. Motile and non-motile |
Created by:
yinyang2424
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