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C9) Cancer
Division may be regulated by internal and external factors.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define nutrient dependence. | The need for certain nutrients to be present in the extracellular environment which bathes the cell in order for cell division to occur. |
| Define anchorage dependence. | The need for cells to be attached to a substrate in order to divide. |
| Define density dependence. | Cells that will not divide if they are packed together with their membranes touching. Contact inhibition. |
| Define mitosis promoting factors. | Protein complexes that trigger the cell to proceed from interphase into mitosis. |
| Define kinases. | Proteins that are activated by MPF, and in addition to cyclins, are vital for mitosis to occur. |
| Define cyclins. | Proteins, that, along with kinases, are vital for mitosis to occur. |
| Define growth factors. | A group of chemicals, usually proteins which are involved in stimulating a cell to divide. |
| Describe platelet derived growth factor. | One of the numerous growth factors, or proteins that regulate cell growth and division. In particular, it plays a significant role in blood vessel formation (angiogenesis), the growth of blood vessels from already-existing blood vessel tissue. |
| Describe nerve growth factors. | A growth factor that promotes the proliferation of connective tissues. |
| Describe Interleukin 2 | A growth factor that triggers the development of specific white blood cells as part of the immune response. |
| Define onco-genes. | Genes which control the development of cancers in that they are responsible for the production of growth-promoting or growth inhibiting factors. |
| Define cancer. | An abnormal growth of cells which invades other tissues and may move to other parts of the body. |
| Define carcinogen. | Mutagens that increase the rate of cancer. |
| Give examples of carcinogens. | Asbestos fibres, gases and particles in cigarette smoke, free-radicals. |
| Define benign. | A growth that remains at its original site and is not generally life threatening unless it grows in a confined space (skull). |
| Define malignant. | Cancerous growths that grow quickly and may split off and spread. |
| Define secondary tumours. | Tumours that arise from the spreading of primary tumours. |
| Define metastasis. | The splitting and spreading of cancer cells through the blood or lymph systems. |
| Define biopsy. | The process of collecting cells from tumours and nearby lymph glands and testing them for malignancy. |
| Define carcinomas. | Cancers that originate in the external or internal covering of the body such as the intestine and the skin or in glands such as the breast. |
| Define sarcomas. | Cancers that arise in any connective tissues of the body such as bone, nerve, and muscle. |
| Define leukaemias and lympthomas. | Cancers that arise in the tissues which form white blood cells such as lymph, spleen and bone marrow. |
| What are growth factors in plant cells called? | Auxins |
| What are synthetic auxins useful for? | Weedicides! They stimulate the cells of a plants to divide too rapidly, killing it. |
Created by:
MahaliaMcD
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