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M14) DNA Evolution

DNA and protein sequence evidence for evolution.

QuestionAnswer
Define homologous structures. Structures in different species that may have different functions in each but are fundamentally similar, thus suggesting a common origin.
Define comparative anatomy studies. Establishing evolutionary relationships on the basis of structural similarities.
What is an example of homologous structures? The limbs of different vertebrates. The limbs of a bat, monkey and pig are used for flying, grasping and walking but have been modified from a common ancestral limb.
Besides major organs and limb structures,how else can we compare the features of organisms? Compare the DNA and protein molecules.
What are basic similarities in organisms linked to? Similarities in DNA and proteins.
What can we assume if species produce similar proteins? Their DNA is very similar, inherited from a common ancestor.
What does a phylogenetic tree show? The evolutionary relationships in a variety of organisms, based on amino acid/DNA/gene sequences.
What happens as the time species have been separated increases? There has been more time for DNA sequence mutations to occur and thus greater expected differences between the DNA.
What is a method used to compare the DNA of different species? DNA hybridization.
What are the steps of DNA hybridisation? 1) DNA is extracted from the species. 2) The DNA is heated to separate the strands. 3) The strands recombine upon cooling. 4) The degree of bonding between the species' DNA gives a measure of how closely related the species are.
What do do good matches after DNA hybridisation suggest? That much of their DNA is in common, suggesting that the species have only recently been separated.
Created by: MahaliaMcD
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