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M11) MM Energy

Macromolecules are used as energy reserves.

QuestionAnswer
What are the two important polysaccharides that are the principal storage of energy in plants and animals? Starch in plants and Glycogen in animals.
What are starch and glycogen made of? Many glucose monomers (units).
What needs to happen to the bonds between glucose units before glucose can be used for respiration and thus release cellular energy? They must be broken down.
How do plants store starch? As granules- masses of starch molecules that can serve as a glucose reserve.
How do animals store glycogen? As granules in the liver and muscle cells.
What happens when animals feed on starch-rich foods like rice, potatoes, etc. The bonds between glucose units are broken with enzymes in their digestive systems to release the glucose.
What are lipids consisted of? Fats and oils.
What elements are in lipids? Carbon and hydrogen linked together.
What are the four general functions of lipids in organisms? 1) Structural components of membranes 2) Energy storage 3) Protective components of bacteria cell walls, higher plants leaves, vertebrates' skins and insects' exoskeletons. 4) Insulation
How are the long chain molecules of lipids and polysaccharides synthesised? By imputing energy to build up the bonds. Energy is taken from the cell so that the final product, a lipid or starch molecule, has more stored energy than the original building blocks.
Created by: MahaliaMcD
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