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Unit 1 Biology

Unity and Diversity

QuestionAnswer
prokaryotic cells that do not have their genetic material contained within a discrete nucleus and whch lack cell organelles such as mitochondria.
eukaryotic describes cells that have a membrane-bound nucleus.
phagocytosis bulk movement of solid material into cells.
pinocytosis bulk movement of liquids into cells.
endocytosis bulk movement of solids or liquids into a cell by engulfment.
exocytosis movement of material out of cells via vesicles in the cytoplasm.
diffusion net movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration by a process that does not require energy.
osmosis net movement of water across a partially permeable membrane without an nput of energy and down a concentration gradient.
active transport movement of dissolved substances across a plasma membrane in an energy-requiring process, against the concentration gradient.
enzyme specific proteins that act as catalysts to increase the rate of a particular chemical reaction.
catabolism the breakdown of compounds to release energy and other compounds or atoms.
anabolism the synthesis (build up) of new compounds.
hydrophilic indicates substances that dissolve readily in water.
hydrophobic indicates substances that tend to be insoluble in water.
mitosis the process that produces new cells that are genetically identical with the original (parent) cell.
chromosome thread-like structures composed of DNA and protein, and visible in cells during mitosis and meiosis.
cytokinesis division of cytoplasm occuring after mitosis.
homologous refers to members of a matching pair of chromosomes.
heterotrophs organisms that cannot make its own food.
autotrophs organisms that can make their own food, given a source of energy.
digestion chemical breakdown of large organic molecules into smaller units that can pass across plasma membranes.
stem cells a kind of cell that reproduces and differentiate (grow into) different types of cells.
meiosis process of cell division that results in the production of new cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes of the original cell.
parthenogenesis one form of asexual reproduction in which new individuals are produced from unfertilised eggs.
binary fission process of cell multiplication in bacteria
Created by: 1081878501
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