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Science finals vocab
vocabulary words
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| astronomy | the study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space |
| axis | imaginary line that passes through Earth's center and the North and South poles |
| rotation | the spinning of earth on its axis |
| revolution | the movement of one object around another |
| orbit | path earth follows as it revolves around the sun |
| calendar | a system of organizing time that defines the beginning, length, and divisions of a year |
| solstice | when the sun is farthest north or south of the equator |
| equinox | means "equal night". when day and night are each about 12 hours long everywhere on earth |
| force | a push or pull |
| gravity | a force that attracts all objects toward each other |
| law of universal gravitation | law that states that every object on the universe attracts every other object |
| mass | the amount of matter in an object |
| weight | the force of gravity on an object |
| inertia | the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion |
| Newton's first law of motion | says that an object in rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force |
| phases | the different shapes of the moon you see from earth |
| eclipse | when an object in space comes between the sun and a third object, it casts a shadow on that object |
| solar eclipse | occurs when a new moon blocks your view of the sun |
| umbra | the very darkest part of the moons shadow |
| penumbra | the larger less dark part of the shadow |
| lunar eclipse | occurs at a full moon when earth is directly between the moon and the sun |
| spring tide | tide with the greatest distance between consecutive low and high tides |
| neap tide | tide with the least difference between consecutive low and high tides |
| new moon | when the sunlit side faces away from earth |
| waxing cresent | the portion of the moon you can see is wacing or growing, into a cresent shape. (right side) |
| first quarter | you can see half of the sunlit side of the moon. (the right side) |
| waxing gibbous | the moon continues to wax. the visible shape of the moon is called gibbous |
| full moon | the entire sunlit side faces earth |
| waning gibbous | the portion of the moon you can see wanes, or shrinks. |
| third quarter | you can see half of the moons lighted side (the left side) |
| waning cresent | you see a cresent once again. (left side) |
| low tides | occur between the two higher tides. |
| high tides | the moons gravity causes high tide on the sside closest to the moon |
| 29.5 days | about how long it takes a new moon to occur again after the last new moon |
| 27.3 days | about how long it takes the moon to revolve once around the earth |
| telescope | a device built to observe distant objects by making them appear closer |
| maria | dark flat areas on the moons surface |
| craters | large round pits |
| meteoroids | chunks of rock or dust from space |
| rocket | a device that expels gas in one direction to move in the opposite direction |
| thrust | the reaction force that propels a rocket forward |
| velocity | the speed in a given direction |
| orbital velocity | the velocity a rocket must achieve to establish an orbit around earth |
| escape velocity | the velocity a rocket must reach to flu beyond a planets gravitational pull |
| satellite | an object that revolves around another object in space |
| sputnik I | launched by the soviets to begin the space race |
| Laika | the first dog in space |
Created by:
raanderson
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