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C2) Pro/Eukaryotes

There are 2 main types of cell organisation.

QuestionAnswer
What type of cell is bacteria? Prokaryote
What type of cell is cyanobacteria? Prokaryote
What type of cell is a protist? Prokaryote
What type of cell is unicellular algae? Prokaryote
What type of cell is fungi? Prokaryote
Do prokaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles? No
What extra kind of covering do bacteria cells often have? A sticky coat called the capsule that helps them stick to certain surfaces.
What are the short projections that may be present on bacteria cells for movement? Pili (singular pilus)
What are the long projections that may be present on bacteria cells for movement? Flagella (singular flagellum)
Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus? No
Where is the DNA or RNA found in prokaryotic cell, and what as? Cytoplasm, sometimes as a circular loop called a plasmid.
Do prokaryotic cells have ribosomes? Yes
What allows metabolic processes in prokaryotic cells? Enzymes in the cytoplasm
By what processes may prokaryotic cells obtain energy? Photosynthesis and Chemosynthesis
What is the size range of eukaryotic cells? 10-100 μm
What is the equation for photosynthesis? 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Structural features of the nucleus? Contain chromosomes made of DNA and histone. Surrounded by a nuclear envelope.
Functions of the nucleus? Responsible for all chemical processes or metabolism of the cell? Store and transmit genetic information.
Structural features of mitochondria? Has infolded inner membrane which are attached to enzymes.
Functions of mitochondria? Help the cell and organism to release energy from food and oxygen. Contain the enzymes necessary for the latter stages of aerobic respiration.
What is the nickname of mitochondria? The powerhouse of the cell.
Equation for aerobic respiration? C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Structural features of chloroplasts? Contain layers of membrane and the pigment chlorophyll.
Functions of chloroplasts? Enables the plant to capture light energy and conduct photosynthesis, providing potential chemical energy for the cell.
Structural features of the vacuole? Surrounded by a membrane and filled with fluid.
Functions of the vacuole? Storage of water, dissolved salts, and sugars.
Structural features of ER? Difference between rough and smooth. A network of membranes throughout the cell. Rough ER contains embedded proteins whereas smooth ER does not.
Function of rough ER? Protein synthesis and transport.
Functions of smooth ER? Lipid synthesis and transport.
Structural features of the golgi body? Layers of membrane, often located near the cell membrane.
Functions of golgi body? Synthesis, packaging and secretion of materials, especially enzymes and hormones.
Structural features of lysosomes? Small vesicles in the cytoplasm containing digestive enzymes.
Functions of lysosomes? To destroy foreign materials in the cell and recycle materials.
Structural features of ribosomes? Small structures containing RNA and usually attached to the rough ER.
Functions of ribosomes? Involved in the process of translation in protein synthesis.
What are anabolic reactions? Synthesis
What are catabolic reactions? Breakdown
Why do cells need so many genes? Because they each are needed to produce the thousands of proteins and cell products that are necessary for cell metabolism.
Why do viruses need few genes? Because they do not have complex structures and cannot independently reproduce.
Why are viruses not considered living organisms? Although they contain nucleic acids and can perform protein synthesis, can only reproduce inside other cells.
Created by: MahaliaMcD
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