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M6) PS and Lipids
Polysaccharides and lipids are important macromolecules in cells.
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Define polysaccharides. | Large molecular compounds made of simple sugar units (monosaccharides) linked together. |
Define cellulose. | A polysaccharide that is a major component in the tough fibrous cell wall of plants that provides structural support. |
Define chitin. | A polysaccharide that is found in the exoskeletons of organisms. It acts as a hard outer covering around their bodies. |
Define starch. | A polysaccharide that is the storage form of excess glucose in plants. |
Define glycogen. | A polysaccharide that is the storage from of excess sugar in vertebrates. |
Define lipids. | Organic molecules composed of fatty acid chains linked to a glycerol backbone. They are important in organisms for structural and energy storage purposes. |
Define phospholipids. | A group of lipids including a phosphate group that is a major constituent of cell membranes. |
Define adipose tissue. | Where fat reserves are stored. It consists of cells that have a small amount of cytoplasm surrounded by fat globules. It can act as energy storage and provides insulation. |
Where is adipose tissue usually found? | Under the skin and around vital organs like the heart and kidney. |
Where are oils usually found and what are they for? | In plants. Energy reserves. |
Define waxes. | A group of lipids that are are produced by plants and animals. One the surface of many leaves there is a waxy cuticle that prevents water loss. |
Define steroids. | A group of mostly large lipids that are important as functional molecules. |
What is a common lipid found in animal cell membranes? | Cholesterol. |
How much more energy does a gram of fat store compared to a gram of a polysaccharide like starch? | Twice as much. |