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M5)Protein Structure

Proteins' 3D structure is critical to its function.

QuestionAnswer
What are the levels of protein structure? Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
What is primary structure? The specific type and sequence of amino acids.
What is secondary structure? The coiling or folding of the polypeptide chain, caused by hydrogen bonding,into a coil, fibril or pleated sheet pattern.
What is tertiary structure? The 3D shape of the polypeptide that forms spontaneously from attractions and repulsions between amino acids. Very important for globular proteins.
What is quaternary structure? In proteins that have 2 or more polypeptide chains, the bonding between them.
What is haemoglobin? A protein which carries oxygen in the blood. It has 2 pairs of polypeptide chains and about 600 amino acids.
What are the functions of proteins in the cell membrane? Receptors for inter-cellular chemical messages, and one-way transport channels that allow specific molecules in and out.
What is an example of a specific messenger molecule? Hormone.
What are enzymes? Biological catalysts that speed up reactions in cells and are usually proteins. They are not used up.
What determines the specificity of the enzyme? Its 3D shape.
What are the substances that enzymes bind to? Substrate molecules.
What are antibodies? Protein molecules that are a part of organisms' defence systems. They act by binding to antigens.
What enables antibodies to bind to antigens? Their specific 3D complementary shape. (quaternary)
Created by: MahaliaMcD
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